1. Resident and subspecialty training in ORL-HNS Do we need an European approach? Reidar Grénman Professor and Chairman Dept. of ORL H&N, Turku University and University Hospital, Turku Finland EAORL-HNS, Confederation of European ORL-HNS President

9. Duration of specialist training Croatia5 y Denmark6 y Estonia3 y Finland 5 y Greece5 y Hungary5 y Ireland6 y Italy5 y Netherlands5 y Norway5 y Sweden5 y N=11

10. Text books CroatiaCummings, Ballenger DenmarkEg. Scott Brown EstoniaBecker, Cummings, Fisch, Wormarld, Weber FinlandCummings, Scott Brown GreeceAt least one European / American HungaryHungary text book IrelandScott Brown ItalyRecommended books NetherlandsStell and Maran, Fish, Nolst Trenite etc. NorwayNone SwedenNone

11. Theoretical education Croatia472 lectures/358 seminars, 100 practicals Denmark4-8 hours / week Estonia2-3 hours / week Finland60 hours – 3 study weeks Greecenatl. e-learning/ month, variable Hungary8 weeks Irelandnot split from practical Italy1600 hours of theoretical education Netherlands4 hours / week Norway2 hours teaching/4 hours self-study/week Sweden2 hours / week

12. Educational courses Written exam Oblig./Voluntary Croatia Many-ped, orl, plastic, HNS, oton. Rh+ V Denmark6 x 4 days + general courses- O EstoniaNo Finland7 x 2 days- V Greece4 x 2 days variable; 1 national- V Hungary5 courses- V Ireland4 courses 1 day each year- O Italy Otol 4 days;Larynx 3 day;laser 4 day - V? Netherlands4 courses days- V? Norway12 courses, 3-4 days+ O Sweden8 to choose from+ 5/O

13. Exam at the end of the training Croatia+Obligatory Denmark- Estonia+Obligatory Finland+Obligatory Greece+Obligatory Hungary+Obligatory Ireland+Obligatory Italy- Netherlands Every year (national?) Obligatory Norway- Sweden+Voluntary

14. Would European courses be of interest? price / 2-3 days Croatiayes100 € Denmarkyes500-600 € Estoniayesmax. 300 € Finlandyes400-500 € Greeceyes200 € Hungaryyes200 € Irelandyes500 € Italyyes Netherlands?200-300 € Norwayyes± 500 € Swedenyes500 €