1. WELCOME

2. A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMICS (MHD) SYSTEM

3. Contents Introduction Need of MHDs Principle Of MHD Power Generation
Types of MHD SYSTEM
Open Cycle MHD System
Closed Cycle MHD System
Diffrence between Open Cycle and Closed Cycle MHD System
Advantages OF MHD System
Disadvantages of MHD System
Applications
Conclusion

4. Introduction
Magneto HydroDynamic (MHD) system is a non- conventional source of energy which is based upon Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that energy is generated due to the movement of an electric conductor inside a magnetic field.

5. Concept given by Michael Faraday in 1832 for the first time.
MHD System widely used in advanced
countries.
Under construction in INDIA.

6. Need of MHDs
At present a plenty of energy is needed to sustain industrial and agricultural production, and the existing conventional energy sources like coal, oil, uranium etc are not adequate to meet the ever increasing energy demands. Consequently, efforts have been made for harnessing energy from several non-conventional energy sources like Magneto Hydro Dynamics(MHD) System.

7. Principle Of MHD Power Generation
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction : When an electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, an emf is induced in it, which produces an electric current .

8. Lorentz Force on the charged particle (vector),
F = q(v × B)
where,
v = velocity of the particle (vector)
q= charge of the particle (scalar)
B = magnetic field (vector)

9. Comparison between a Turbo generator and a MHD generator

10. Types of MHD SYSTEM (1)Open cycle System (2)Closed cycle System
(i)Seeded inert gas systems
(ii) Liquid metal systems

11. OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM

12. HYBRID MHD STEAM PART OPEN CYCLE

13. CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEM

14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN CYCLE AND CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM
Working fluid is recycled to the heat sources and thus is used again.
Helium or argon(with cesium seeding) is used as the working fluid.
Temperature requirement : about 530˚C.
Less developed.
Open Cycle System
Working fluid after generating electrical energy is discharged to the atmosphere through a stack .
Operation of MHD generator is done directly on combustion products .
Temperature requirement : 2300˚C to 2700˚C.
More developed.

15. NEED FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
The MHD channel operates on extreme conditions of temperature, magnetic and electric fields .
So, numerous technological advancements are needed prior to commercialization of MHD systems .
Search is on for better insulator and electrode materials which can with stand the electrical, thermal, mechanical and thermo-chemical stresses and corrosion.

16. ADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM
Conversion efficiency of about 50% .
Less fuel consumption.
Large amount of pollution free power generated .
Ability to reach full power level as soon as started.
Plant size is considerably smaller than conventional fossil fuel plants .
Less overall generation cost.
No moving parts, so more reliable .

17. DISADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM
Suffers from reverse flow (short circuits) of electrons through the conducting fluids around the ends of the magnetic field.
Needs very large magnets and this is a major expense.
High friction and heat transfer losses.
High operating temperature.
Coal used as fuel poses problem of molten ash which may short circuit the electrodes. Hence, oil or natural gas are much better fuels for MHDs. Restriction on use of fuel makes the operation more expensive.

18. APPLICATIONS Power generation in space craft.
Hypersonic wind tunnel experiments.
Defense application.

19. CONCLUSION
The MHD power generation is in advanced stage today and closer to commercial utilization. Significant progress has been made in development of all critical components and sub system technologies. Coal burning MHD combined steam power plant promises significant economic and environmental advantages compared to other coal burning power generation technologies. It will not be long before the technological problem of MHD systems will be overcame and MHD system would transform itself from non- conventional to conventional energy sources.

20. THANK YOU !!