1. AP Human Geography Week #3
Fall 2015

2. AP Human Geography 9/21/15 http://mrmilewski.com
OBJECTIVE: Examine the different types of culture & the concept of culture. APHugIII-A.4
Language objective: Write about culture.
I. Journal#6 pt.A
-Where 'Smoke-Free' Isn't the Norm: Global Tobacco Use Booms in Developing World
II. Journal#6
-notes on culture
Homework: Finish reading Chapter#1
NOTICE: Chapter#1 Test Monday Sept 28th

3. Due Monday! Due Monday Sept. 28th at the beginning of class:
1.) Chapter#1 Review pt.I
2.) Chapter#1 Review pt.II

4. Culture
Culture is the man-made part of the environment. (It is learned & passed on)
Cultural trait is a single attribute of a culture such as chopsticks.
Cultural region is a portion of the earth occupied by people who share cultural traits such as religions, languages, political organizations, etc.
Cultural realm-is a large segment of the earth with uniformity in cultural characteristics such as “Latin America”
Culture is something learned and then passed on-or the learned patterns of behavior and attitudes.
Cultural traits-a single aspect of the complex of routine practices of a particular cultural group-e.g. dietary laws, coming of age rituals-rites of passage, style of clothing, adornment, etc. E.g. fish hooks or weaving methods or attitude.
Cultural Complex-a collection of cultural traits or a combination of traits characteristic of a particular group.

5. Acculturation-immigrant populations take on enough of the values, attitudes and customs of the receiving society to function economically and socially.
Assimilation-the complete blending with the host culture and the loss of most if not all of a groups previous distinctive ethnic traits.
Syncretism-the process of fusing the immigrant culture with the native or adjacent culture. E.g. Haitian mix of Catholic and African voodoo religious practices, Tex-Mex cuisine in the Southwest.
Cultural convergence-the sharing of technologies, cultural traits and artifacts among widely separated societies.

6. Cultural Hearths are centers or sources of civilization from which radiated the ideas, innovations and ideologies that changed the world beyond.
Cultural Hearth-centers of innovation and invention, the center or cradle of a culture.

7. Consider the South as a Cultural Region;
Cultural perceptions-like perceptual regions, there are many intangible elements that define a region’s personality.
Consider the South as a Cultural Region;
Houses with porches
Foods like grits, greens and cornbread.
Drawl or dialects like Cajun.
Southern Baptist-Bible Belt
Slow pace of life and courtesy, hospitality.
Picture at right is a southern mansion called Linden built in Natchez, Miss. In 1785.
What people think about an area or value about it. Example-the Confederate Flag controversy –some states like South Carolina-still have the stars and bars on their state flag-many African-Americans and others are offended by this. Even 5 generations after the Civil War, some southerners still view the North with suscipion.
Despite the perception of the South as slow with nothing, but mansions, etc. It has been rapidly growing and modernizing-changing.

8. The cultural geographer Wilbur Zelinsky studied the perceptual regions of North America-he identified 12 major regions. Notice that there is considerable overlap. Interviews or using phone books and noting when companies use the term southern or Dixie would indicate a perception of a region.

9. Cultural Diffusion
Cultural diffusion or spatial diffusion is the spread of an idea or innovation from its source to other cultures.
Diffusion occurs through the movement of people, goods or ideas.
Carl Sauer focused on cultural diffusion in his book Agricultural Origins and Dispersals (1952)

10. Types of Diffusion There are two main types of Diffusion:
Expansion Diffusion
The spread of an item or idea from one place to others. In the process it remains and often strengthens in the origin area.
Contagious diffusion-rapid widespread diffusion by direct contact. Affects all areas uniformly as it spreads outward. E.g. the spread of Islam.
Hierarchical diffusion-or cascade diffusion-the process of spreading ideas first between large cities and only later to smaller cities.
Stimulus diffusion-the spread of an underlying principle even though the main idea is not spread. E.g. industrialization
Relocation Diffusion
The innovation or idea is physically carried to new areas by migrating individuals or populations. E.g. Christianity brought to the New World by missionaries and colonists.
Expansion diffusion has a snowball effect-it gains momentum as it moves. It is happening much more rapidly today due to the technology of fax machines, computers, the internet, satellite links for TV, telephone, etc.
Another example of contagious diffusion-spread of soccer as a college sport-Eastern ivy-league schools first.
Hierarchical diffusion is also known as cascade diffusion-ideas spread from nodes of power or authority to other nodes of power-AIDS, Christianity, Hip-hop music, rap and the use of the fax machine are all examples of Hierarchical diffusion.
The early 19th century Cholera outbreak in the US was an example of relocation diffusion and hierarchical diffusion-it spread from city to nearby city via water transportation-it spread slowly until the railroad network spread it much more rapidly via relocation diffusion.

11. A
Contagious Diffusion B
Hierarchical Diffusion

13. Examples
Expansion diffusion has a snowball effect-it gains momentum as it moves. It is happening much more rapidly today due to the technology of fax machines, computers, the internet, satellite links for TV, telephone, etc.
Another example of contagious diffusion-spread of soccer as a college sport-Eastern ivy-league schools first.
Hierarchical diffusion is also known as cascade diffusion-ideas spread from nodes of power or authority to other nodes of power-AIDS, Christianity, Hip-hop music, rap and the use of the fax machine are all examples of Hierarchical diffusion.
The early 19th century Cholera outbreak in the US was an example of relocation diffusion and hierarchical diffusion-it spread from city to nearby city via water transportation-it spread slowly until the railroad network spread it much more rapidly via relocation diffusion.

14. Left-19th cent. Cholera epidemic-1832 it spread slowly by water transportation-as a relocation diffusion
spread again by waterways-up the Mississippi, note the spread to California because of the Gold Rush-again as relocation diffusion
1866-Transcontinental Railroad-and the expanded urban rail system of the Northeast cause the spread of cholera to be much more rapid. It spread from large cities down to smaller cities in a cascade effect due to the improved and more rapid transport system.

15. Factors that delay diffusion
Time-distance decay-the farther away and the longer it takes to reach an area, the less likely it will be adopted.
Cultural barriers may pose obstacles to cultural diffusion-taboos or religious beliefs.
Cultural lag-when a social group is economically or psychologically unresponsive to change.
The friction of distance is being reduced as technology improves transportation and communication.
Religious beliefs that do not condone contraception would be reluctant to adopt a new medical breakthrough in contraception.
Picture at right-Amish father and daughter-due to religious beliefs they do not use cars, electricity, telephones, etc., thus new technology like the Internet, etc. are not adopted by them.

16. Examples
The friction of distance is being reduced as technology improves transportation and communication.
Religious beliefs that do not condone contraception would be reluctant to adopt a new medical breakthrough in contraception.
The Amish - due to religious beliefs they do not use cars, electricity, telephones, etc., thus new technology like the Internet, etc. are not adopted by them.

17. Homework Tonight Finish reading Chapter#1
Begin working on Chapter#1 Review.

18. AP Human Geography 9/22/15 http://mrmilewski.com
OBJECTIVE: Examine world current events and review for the Chapter#1 test. APHugVI-B.4
Language objective: Write about globalization.
I. Administrative Stuff
-attendance
II. Quiz#3
III. Film: Is Wal-mart Good for America?
-questions on film about globalization
Homework: Continue working on Chapter#1 Review
NOTICE: Chapter#1 Test is Monday Sept 28th

19. Homework Tonight
Continue working on Chapter#1 Review.

20. AP Human Geography 9/23/15 http://mrmilewski.com
OBJECTIVE: Examine world current events and review for the Chapter#1 Test. APHugVI-B.4
Language objective: Write about globalization.
I. Administrative Stuff
-attendance
II. Quiz#4
III. Read “Types of Boundaries” p.261
IV FRQ#1 on walls
-questions on film about globalization
Homework: Study for the Chapter#1 Test
NOTICE: Chapter#1 Test is Monday Sept 28th

21. Directions
Directions: You have 75 minutes to answer all three of the following questions.
It is recommended that you spend approximately one-third of your time (25 minutes) on each question.
It is suggested that you take up to 5 minutes of this time to plan and outline each answer.
While a formal essay is not required, it is not enough to answer a question by merely listing facts.
Illustrate your answers with substantive geographic examples where appropriate.
Be sure that you number each of your answers, including individual parts, in this booklet as the questions are numbered below.

22. 2012 FRQ question#1
1. Walls and other barriers built by countries to establish their borders are some of the oldest and most controversial elements in the cultural landscape.
a. Identify three examples of walls or other barriers built by countries in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
b. Explain the purpose of one of the examples you identified in part a.
c. For each of the categories listed below, discuss a consequence faced by countries as a result of walls or other
barriers established along their borders.
i. social or political
ii. economic
iii. environmental

23. Homework Tonight
Finish Chapter#1 Review & study for the Chapter#1 Test.

24. AP Human Geography 9/24/15 http://mrmilewski.com
NO SCHOOL: Vacation Day

25. AP Human Geography 9/25/15 http://mrmilewski.com
NO SCHOOL: Staff Professional Development Day#3