1. SWBAT: Draw sp hybrid bonding orbitals for carbon
Carbon Hybridization
SWBAT: Draw sp hybrid bonding orbitals for carbon

2. The Carbon Problem
How Does This Explain Carbon’s four bonding electrons?

3. Orbitals Electrons take up space
The space they take up is referred to as an orbital

4. Atomic Orbitals Change when Bonding
Just as you can alter your clothing (zip up your jacket and raise its hood) to respond to different situations, an atom can alter the arrangement of its electrons to fit the conditions in which it finds itself
Elements rearrange Valence e- and create special bonding orbitals
They have new shapes and different names
This increases stability of bonded elements

5. Atomic Orbitals
Bonding Orbitals
s, p, d, and f
Atomic orbitals are used to explain the where e- are around the nucleus of an atom
The space taken up by overlapping bond electrons
Used to explain the shape and properties of molecules consisting of atoms sharing electrons

6. Hybridization and Hybrid Orbitals
Orbitals that have been changed for bonding
Describes the process of change from atomic orbitals to bonding orbitals

7. Carbon Hybridization Carbon needs to share 4 Ve- to complete octet
The four Ve- in the 2nd energy level are energetically not identical: 2s2 and 2p2
Carbon will mix and rearranged these Ve- to create 4 new orbitals
Carbon Hybridization

8. sp3 Hybridization
One e- from the 2s2 is transferred to the third empty 2p orbital: p3
Creating 4 equal orbitals called sp3: 1s, 3p

9. sp3 Hybridization e- arrange themselves in a tetrahedral arrangement
Molecular Shape and Orbital Hybridization

10. Number of hybrid orbitals formed Number of atoms bonded to the C
Carbon Hybridization
Type of hybrid
Atomic orbitals used
Number of hybrid orbitals formed
Number of atoms bonded to the C
Aufbau Chart
sp3
s, p, p, p 4
sp2
s, p, p 3 sp
s, p 2

11. sp3 Hybridization
C2H6

12. sp2 Hybridization
C2H4

13. sp Hybridization
C2H2