1. The Last West American social development has been continually beginning over again on the frontier. This perennial rebirth, this fluidity of American life, this expansion westward with its new opportunities, its continuous touch with the simplicity of primitive society, furnish the forces dominating American character. The true point of view in the history of this nation is not the Atlantic coast, it is the Great West. -- Frederick Jackson Turner, 1893

2. Westward Expansion Miners Farmers Ranchers Native Americans

3. Promontory Point, UT 1869 Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad

4. Transcontinental Railroad

5. Views of Duluth, 1870-1905

6. Railroad in Yosemite

7. Hitting the Trail

8. Westward Expansion Miners Farmers Ranchers Native Americans Homestead Act of 1862 Large numbers of new farmers (freedmen, immigrants) Technology changes Transportation changes Rough Life (weather, economics, declining status)

9. Homestead Act 1862 – cheap land and sod homes, but a lonely life. Population in Midwest increased from 300,000 in 1860 to 5 million in 1900

10. Tools of Pioneer Life

11. Sod Farmers

12. Settler in North Dakota

13. Westward Expansion Miners Farmers Ranchers Native Americans Homestead Act of 1862 Large numbers of new farmers (freedmen, immigrants) Technology changes Transportation changes Rough Life (weather, economics, declining status) Sutter’s Mill, 1848 Gold Rush Fever Mining Towns Itinerant Population “Wild West”

14. The Black Hills

15. Settlers in the West

16. Westward Expansion Miners Farmers Ranchers Native Americans Homestead Act of 1862 Large numbers of new farmers (freedmen, immigrants) Technology changes Transportation changes Rough Life (weather, economics, declining status) Sutter’s Mill, 1848 Gold Rush Fever Mining Towns Itinerant Population “Wild West” Needed large tracts of grassland The Cattle Kingdom Open Range vs. Fencing

17. Westward Expansion Miners Farmers Ranchers Native Americans Homestead Act of 1862 Large numbers of new farmers (freedmen, immigrants) Technology changes Transportation changes Rough Life (weather, economics, declining status) Sutter’s Mill, 1848 Gold Rush Fever Mining Towns Itinerant Population “Wild West” Needed large tracts of grassland The Cattle Kingdom Open Range vs. Fencing  View of land ownership  Nomadic lifestyle  Conflict with railroads  Slaughter of buffalo  Plains Wars

18. Native Americans in the Rockies

21. Chief Sitting Bull Won at Little Big Horn, but victory didn’t last long.

22. Comanche...the only U.S. Army survivor from the Battle of Little Big Horn Drawing of the battle by Red Horse

23. Wounded Knee, South Dakota 1890 By 1900, the Indian population had fallen to 250,000…resistance was over.

24. Solving the Indian problem Humanitarian cause Dawes Severality Act Assimilation of Native Americans –Settled –Agricultural –Christian

25. American Horse with children and relatives during an 1882 visit to the Carlisle Indian School.

26. Cheyenne woman named Woxie Haury in ceremonial dress, and, in wedding portrait with husband.

27. Problems with the Dawes Act and the desire for even more land.

28. Oklahoma Land Rush 1889

29. Visualizing Westward Expansion Choose one of the groups in the western United States. –Farmer, Miner, Rancher, Native American Draw a picture showing how that group would have viewed the West in the late 1800s. You should: –Be creative, colorful, accurate, and as detailed as possible. –Consider point of view: would your group see the West in a positive or negative way? What features of the landscape (natural or manmade) would they emphasize? Coming up… –We will be hanging up and sharing the posters –You will be asked to write about the similarities and differences in how these groups viewed their world. Grade: 20 points –Your grade will be based on: content information (10), creativity (5), and clarity in communicating your idea (5)

30. “Dances with Wolves” Activity Watch selected clips from movie. Write a 1-2 page essay evaluating how well the movie portrayed the points of view among different groups in the West. Use the clips from the movie, the poster activity, and the class discussion as your supporting evidence. Develop a thesis, and be sure to use details to support it. Grade: 25 points –You grade will be based on: strong thesis statement (5); detailed and accurate supporting evidence (10); clear conclusion (5); technical accuracy, i.e.spelling, grammar (5) –Be sure to use specific evidence – do not just write how you feel.