1. Automatic Person Location Technologies and Solutions for Public Safety Users Kenneth Hubner International Business Development Manager Sepura Limited

2. Agenda Market Drivers and Solution Influencing Factors Command and Control Requirements Review of current technologies TETRA services used for location solutions Future of APLS enabled products for public safety users

3. Market Drivers FCC E911 Mandate in the US – Call centres – Terminal or Network implemented solutions 50 - 100 metre accuracy for at least 67% of cases 150 - 300 metre accuracy for at least 95% of cases EU E112 Mandate in Europe – Still not implemented ! – No defined accuracy specified ! Both systems proposing using either TDOA or GPS Many Blue Light Forces now mandating APLS

4. Market Drivers Public Safety Benefits Know where someone is: save LIFE. Better allocation of resources, prompt reaction to an Emergency: save TIME. Better Control of the fleet: save MONEY

5. Solution Influencing Factors Price Accuracy and coverage Ergonomics Power consumption Can the solution be supported by TETRA ? – Network support and bandwidth requirements

6. Command & Control Requirements Effective management Requirements differ from AVLS User needs to feel unthreatened by APLS Linking of various systems/databases to provide officer with advance warning of possible dangers

7. Command & Control Requirements AVLS example

8. Command & Control Requirements APLS example

9. Command & Control Requirements APLS with filtering

10. Review of Current Technologies Low accuracy, low cost solutions – Time difference of arrival – Enhanced observed time difference Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions – Standard GPS – Assisted GPS – Low signal strength GPS High accuracy, high cost solutions – Differential GPS – Combinations of Solutions

11. Review of Current Technologies Low accuracy, low cost solutions Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) – Inexpensive for terminals but can be very costly to implement in the network – accuracy of location is +/- 500 metres Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD) – low cost, no base station support now claimed – accuracy of location is 200m - 2km Both technologies – Have good indoor/urban canyon penetration, but with very poor accuracy - a general show stopping issue for network based solutions where location accuracy could be critical – Are bandwidth hungry therefore not suitable for TETRA

12. Network Based Solutions - example LMU Radio tower C&C Server GIS or Mapping Application GIS or Mapping Application TETRA Gateway LMU Network Based Solutions Current Accuracy = 200m - 2km Future Accuracy =100m - 500m

13. Review of Current Technologies Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions Standard GPS – time to first acquisition (fix) is typically 3 mins – >30 metres accuracy, no indoors or urban canyon coverage Assisted GPS – time to first acquisition is typically 30 secs – >30 metres accuracy Low Signal Strength GPS (high sensitivity) – time to first acquisition is typically 45 secs – <30 metres accuracy – indoors/urban canyons Note, all the above have a location accuracy of <10 metres for 95% of cases in open space

14. GPS solutions - examples Dispatch workstations Radio tower PBX Workstation Mapping Application TETRA Network Workstation Mapping Server Base station TETRA gateway C&C firewall C & C LAN SDS C & C Servers

15. Review of Current Technologies High accuracy, high cost solutions Differential GPS – open space accuracy <10 metres off – expensive to implement with land based differential base stations required and regular network broadcasts – Network bandwidth hungry Solution Combinations (GPS+Beacons+Odometer) – accuracy anywhere between 0 - 10 metres – very expensive beacon network required to support this

16. High accuracy Solutions - examples Tower box C&C Server GIS or Mapping Application GIS or Mapping Application TETRA Network TETRA Gateway GPS dGPS Station

17. TETRA services used for APLS Data over network - Size of problem! Typically, position report messages could carry some or all of the following: – Date, Time, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, Speed, Heading, Fix type, Confidence Level, Status, Fix Reason, Terminal ID, User Defined Field. Amount of message traffic generated by APLS systems is much larger than for AVLS – Usage could increase 10 or 100 fold ! – Requires sophisticated filtering at command &control

18. TETRA services used for APLS TETRA services allow use of SDS messaging for transmission of GPS data:  EN 300 392-2: TETRA (Voice plus Data (V+D), part 2: Air Interface, v2.3.2  SDS4 and SDS-TL delivers variable length messages to 2047 bits(255 bytes)  GPS location data is provided in the NMEA formats, GLL, GSA, GGA etc. – Typical GLL mesage could contain as much as 48 bytes of data! – In busy periods, with many location reports being sent, this could cause network overload  Location Information Protocol –TS 100 392-18-1 v1.1.1 Jan 2005 – Specifies the effective use of network by using compact message formats – Typical message (compared to GLL) is 11 bytes long!

19. Future of APLS & TETRA Terminals Technology Influenced Solutions – Continuing integration of IC’s and components enables space saving in handsets and is an opportunity to integrate location devices like GPS. – The European Galileo system should be operational by 2008 and this is supposed to perform better than the existing US DoD GPS system.

20. Clear Sky Under Foliage Wooden Building Urban Canyon Single Storey Brick Building Multi Storey Concrete building Underground? 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010………………………….. 2015 2020 2030 High sensitivity GPS L1, L2 + L5 Frequency (+ Galileo?) Galileo Future GPS ? Other Sensors – e.g. Gyroscope, Accelerometers GPS future Trends High Quality Receiver High Quality Hand Held Receiver

21. Conduct User Trials Product A Product B 4 times betteraccuracy and availability User Trial Essential!

22. Summary Enhances user safety - Lone worker + Emergency Button + GPS - Accurate Location Improves resource usage - Improves response times - Selection of most appropriate resource - Reduce wasted resource Improves reporting accuracy - Knowing precisely where an incident took place High sensitive GPS receivers are available in TETRA terminals today. Make GPS mandatory in your handsets today

23. Thank You! kenneth.hubner@sepura.com