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India “Religions & Modern culture”
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Birthplace of Many Religions
Reading Charts: What is the 2nd most practiced religion in India? The religions of Hinduism and Buddhism both originated in India Today, about 80% of Indians are Hindu Buddhism has practically disappeared in the country
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Hinduism The Vedas are the oldest of Hindu writings
Hindu’s believe that one supreme spirit is the only reality in the universe and all living things have a soul that comes from that one spirit Priests are the only ones who can access religion, putting them in the top caste With the given inequality between the holy and unholy, the caste system was born!
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Hinduism continued… Places or worship: temples
Practices: yoga, meditation, offerings at the temple Women can become priestesses Many gods are worshipped (polytheistic) Language: Sanskrit Pray 3 times a day
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Buddhism The religion of Buddhism is based on the teachings of Siddharta Gautama (Buddha before he was Buddha) Four Noble Truths: Life is filled with suffering, people suffer because they want wordly things, people can stop suffering if they can stop wanting by following the Eightfold Path
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Four Noble Truths & the Eightfold Path
8) Practicing proper forms of concentration 7) Controlling one’s thoughts and feelings 6) Trying to free one’s mind of evil 5) Holding a job that doesn’t injure others 4) Respecting life, morality, and property 3) Saying nothing to hurt others 2) Trying to resist evil 1) Knowing the truth All existence is suffering Illusion and desire are the cause of suffering Suffering should be eliminated Eliminate suffering step by step
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Buddhism continued Also believe in reincarnation
When people give up desire they reach nirvana Worship in monasteries and temples No gender bias, women tend to take domestic roles around the home Believe humans are naturally greedy, angry, and ignorant
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The Writing Process Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism in a Venn Diagram, giving 3 differences for EACH and 3 similarities. Use your graphic organizer to respond to the following prompt (constructed response style): *Hinduism and Buddhism are similar in many ways, but their differences should be noted. Explain the similarities and differences of these two religions, giving 2 differences and one similarity as detail. 3) Self-edit your spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and THAT IT MAKES SENSE!
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Day 2: Modern India
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Independence During the 1600’s, European countries were setting up trading posts on India’s coasts The British empire took over most of India 1858- Britain established direct rule over India The British imposed taxes, took over land, and passed laws that gave the British more rights than the Indians Indian resentment grew
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Indian National Congress
Muslim League Indian National Congress Formed in 1906 Formed to include Muslim in the equal status of Indians Also adopted the goal of independence from Britain Formed in 1885 Formed to gain equal status for Indians Overtime, adopted the goal of independence for India
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Mohandas Gandhi Worked for independence for India through nonviolence (boycotts, fasting, marches) Wanted all Indians to be treated equally (no matter their caste or gender) Wanted peace between Hindus and Muslims
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Independence and Partition
The British government gave India their independence in 1947 Because of the disagreements between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, India was partitioned into two countries- India and Pakistan
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India’s Government Representative Democracy
Federal system that divides power between the central government and it’s 28 states Parliament consists of two houses: House of the People and Council of the States Parliament is led by the president The head of government and most powerful person in India is the prime minister
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Government Challenges
Violence between Hindus and Muslims Kashmir: a region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent; India and Pakistan dispute control of Kashmir Kashmir: An area divided into 2 by Pakistan & India after becoming independent Expanding population
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Population Explosion India is the second most populous country in the world Providing for all those people is a challenge: housing, food, water, jobs, and healthcare India’s government responds by encouraging people to have fewer children, trying to improve women’s lives, and improving it’s education system Reading Graphs: What country Is predicted to have the highest population in year 2040?
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Urban Life Rural Life
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A Booming Economy India has many valuable resources, yet millions of it’s people are the world’s poorest Agriculture is the main economic activity, with farmers growing wheat, rice, lentils, chickpeas Most farmers grow enough food to live off of because their farms are so small Cottage Industries- businesses in which workers produce goods in their homes (crafts & clothes) Information technology jobs: including those involving computers, software, and the internet
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Popular Culture Bollywood: Hindu film industry that makes more films than any other country, including the US! Sports (cricket, soccer, and field hockey)
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Major Celebrations Clothing
Dussehra- celebrates the triumph of good over evil Diwali- festival of the lights Holi- celebrates the end of winter
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Vocabulary! Choose ONE of the following vocabulary words and create a poster that expresses the following: The definition An example OR picture Use of the word in a sentence Use COLOR and write LARGE Vocabulary word options: Sari -Sanskrit -Archipelago Bollywood -Vedas -Subcontinent Gandhi -Hinduism -Plateau Nirvana -Buddhism -Natural Resource Caste -Monsoon
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