1. The diagram above shows Earth as viewed from space
The diagram above shows Earth as viewed from space. Which season is the northern hemisphere experiencing?
a. Winter
b. Spring
c. Summer
d. Autumn

2. 2The ocean water near the equator absorbs more heat throughout the year than ocean water near the North Pole. Which of the following best explains this difference?
a. The equator is closer to the sun
b. The equator has higher seal levels
c. The equator receives less direct sunlight
d. The equator rotates more quickly on Earth’s axis

3. Texas is closer to the sun in the winter than in the summer
Texas is closer to the sun in the winter than in the summer. However, the average Texas temperatures are much colder in the winter months. Which answer represents the best explaination for this?
a. Earth is tilted so that there is less direct sunlight on Texas during the winter than during the summer
b. The Sun itself is not as hot during the winter as it is during the summer
c. There are more particles in space that soak up the sunlight during the witner than during the summer
d. Earth orbits faster during the winter than during the summer.

4. Some researchers have stated that by 2040 so much of the ice sheet covering the North Pole and Arctic Ocean will have melted. It could disappear completely in the summer months. The loss of the ice pack would be dangerous for the environmental balance of the polar regions and for the survivial of some species like the polar bear, who need the ice pack for hunting.
If this is true; then during what SEASON would hunting be more dangerous for polar bears when they hunt?
a. Summer because the ice pack is thinner
b. Winter because the ice pack is thicker
c. summer because the ice pack is thicker

5. Only one side of the moon faces Earth because:
a. The moon does not rotate
b. the moon does not revolve
c. the moon rotates at the same rate it revolves
d. the moon rotates twice as fast as it revolves

6. The ocean tides will be greatest when-
a. the phase of the Moon is a quarter moon
b. there is either a new moon or a full moon
c. the sun’s direct rays are farthest north of the equator
d. earth is in the portion of its orbit farthest from the sun.

7. What causes the Earth’s seasons?
a. tilt only
b. tilt and revolution
c. gravitationlal pull of the moon
d. revolution only

8. During phase Y of the lunar cycle above, the moon reflects --
a. large amounts of light
b. the same amount of light as in phase X
c. a crescent shape of light
d. little to no light

10. Use the Diagram of the Sun, Earth Moon below to the answer the following question.
When this type of alignment occurs; what type of eclipse will we experience?
a. Solar
b. Lunar
c. Neap
d. Spring

11. The Moon is Moving Away While Earth’s Rotation Slows
Tides on earth are primarily caused by the gravitational force of the moon acting on the Earth’s surface. The moon causes two tidal bulges occurs on Earth: the direct tidal bulge occurs on the side facing the moon, and the indirect tidal bulge occurs on the opposite side of Earth.
Since Earth rotates, the bulges are swept forward along Earth’s surface. This advancing bulge helps pull the moon forward in orbit, resulting in a larger orbital radius. The moon is actually getting farther away from Earth, at a rate of approximately 3.8 centimeters per year.
The moon’s gravity is also pulling on the direct tidal bulge. This pulling on the bulge causes friction of ocean water against the ocean floor, slowing the rotation of Earth ata a rate of .002 second per100 years.
From reading the paragraph above, What effects do the tides have on the rotation of the earth?
a. Tides increase the rate of rotation
b. Tides decrease the rate of rotation
c. Tides have no effect on the rotation of the earth

12. Using the diagram above, The Northern Hemisphere would most likely experience winter conditions when the Earth is at -
a. Position A
b. Position B
c. Position C
d. position D

13. The diagram above, shows four possible postions of the Earth as it travels around the Sun. One complete trip of the Earth around the Sun -
a. is a rotation
b. is a revolution
c. occurs in a day
d. occurs in a season

14. Sequence the phases of the moon in the order that they should occur, beginning with the new moon, H as the FIRST phase in the sequence: a. b.

15. Use the following diagram to answer the
question below.
If the object Z is the earth, what is the effect
of the motion indicated by the arrow?
a. Days and Nights
b. Months
c. Years
d. Seasons

16. A student observed the apparent shape of the
moon every night for a period of 60 days.
On DAY 10 the student observed a full moon.
On which other day did the student
most likely observe a full moon?
a. Day 20
b. Day 30
Day 40
Day 50

17. The phase of the moon that could replace letter Y in the diagram is --b. c. d.

18. Three students use their bodies to show how the sun, the moon, and Earth are aligned during the phases of the moon. What is ONE LIMITATION of this model?
a. It cannot show the relative motion of the three objects
b. It cannot be safely used in the classroom
c. It cannot show how the Sun’s light affects the moon’s appearance
d. it cannot be used to show the direction of Earth’s revolution

19. Using the graph above to answer the following question.
Approximately, what time on December 1st was high tide?
a. 11 PM
b. 12 AM
c. 5 AM
d. 8 AM

20. The diagram above shows the orbit of the moon around the earth
The diagram above shows the orbit of the moon around the earth. At which point in the moon’s orbit will a person standing on earth see a waxing crescent moon?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

21. When the moon is in the postion illustrated above, which tide is represented?
a. Spring
b. Neap

22. What moon phase is illustrated in the picture above:
a. full moon
b. new moon

23. What phase of the moon is being illustrated above?
a. 1st quarter
b. 3rd quarter

24. What type of tide is being represented in the picture above?
a. Spring
b. Neap

25. Please grid your answer to the following question: It takes approximately how many hours for the earth to rotate once fully around?