1. Information state and dialogue management in the TRINDI Dialogue Move Engine Toolkit, Larsson and Traum 2000 D&QA Reading Group, Feb 20 th 2007 Genevieve Gorrell

2. Information State Approach Information state comprises cumulative additions from previous actions in the dialogue “Superset” of finite state approaches since the state can easily be characterised as the information state but the information state is too rich to be rendered as a tractable finite state representation Richer than structural approaches, more transparent than plan-based approaches...

3. Information state theory of dialogue comprises Informational components Formal representation of the informational components Dialogue moves Update rules Update strategy

4. Informational Components Choose your own theory  BDI? Static/dynamic distinction may prove useful Dialogue Gameboard (Ginzburg)  Private/shared elements

5. Formal Representations of Informational Components Simple abstract data types, logics, statistical systems... Lists, sets, stacks etc.

6. Dialogue Moves A representation of the input/whatever you are going to update based on Abstracts about the meaning/intention of the input A variety of taxonomies exist Logical forms etc.

7. Update Rules Formalise information state update Comprise  applicability conditions  effects

8. Update Strategy How to apply the rules?  Take the first rule that applies  Apply each rule (if applicable) in sequence  Apply rules according to class  Choose among applicable rules using probabilistic information  Present choices to user to decide (for development modes)

9. Example System has agenda item to ask user's destination This meets conditions for update rule that selects “ask” move System asks the question and applies the integrate rule shown earlier Rule moves the question from the private agenda to the shared questions under discussion Sys: Where do you want to go? Usr: Malvern

10. What is TRINDIKIT? TRINDIKIT is a dialogue move engine toolkit Provides basic architecture Provides facilities for implementing theories of information state Does not provide:  User interface  Interpretation  Generation  Control

11. Example Architecture

12. Architecture cont. Total Information State (TIS)  Information State  Hookups to additional resources Dialogue Move Engine (DME)  One or more DME modules DME-external modules Control module, synchronous or asynchronous

13. TRINDIKIT also provides... Datatype definitions Language and format for TIS update rules Methods for accessing the TIS Algorithm definition language for DME and control modules Default modules for input, interpretation, generation and output Methods for converting items from one type to another (?) Methods for visually inspecting the TIS Debugging

14. GoDiS 1 Simple grounding phenomena Question accommodation Task accommodation 8 dialogue move types  ask, answer, repeat, request_repeat, greet, goodbye, thank, quit Private, shared distinction in IS  shared information has been explicitly established in the dialogue

15. GoDiS 2 Shared information comprises:  propositions  questions under discussion  latest dialogue move (speaker, move type, content) Private information comprises  beliefs  agenda  plan (actions that are long term goals, editable during dialogue. How is this different to the agenda?)  tmp (mirrors shared fields, however information is not yet grounded)

16. GoDiS—Accommodation 1 Sys: Welcome to the travel agency! Usr: flights to paris Sys: What city do you want to go from?

17. GoDiS—Accommodation 2 If the answer A is the answer to a question Q that it is in the plan to raise, then delete that question from the private plan and add the question to the shared questions under discussion (?)

18. GoDiS Update Algorithm Rule types comprise refill, grounding, integrate, accommodate, database and store

19. EDIS 1 Information state comprises:  common ground obligations social commitments dialogue history conditional statements  semi-public grounded discourse units  private intentions

20. EDIS 2 Current and previous discourse units are included Ungrounded discourse units feature

21. EDIS Update Algorithm Create new DU, add to UDUs Set CDU to the new DU, set PDU to CDU Perform updates on the basis of backward grounding acts If any other type of act is observed  add to dialogue history  execute appropriate update rule(s) Apply update rules to all parts of the IS with newly added acts

22. Other TRINDIKIT Systems—MIDAS Discourse Representational Structures Grounding tracking a la Poesio & Traum

23. Other TRINDIKIT Systems— Autoroute (Lewin) Conversational games formalised as recursive transition networks

24. Discussion How applicable is the accommodation work in more complex domains? Would the work port to a conversational domain?  what would be the key issues? In what ways can machine learning be incorporated? Is there anything missing?