1. Methods of Separating Mixtures

2. Methods of Separating Mixtures
A mixture is an association of two or more substances (elements and/or compounds) that are NOT chemically combined.
The components in a mixture have NO set ratio.
The components in a mixture are combined either heterogeneously or homogeneously.
Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions.
Mixtures can be separated into their individual components by various methods.
Differences in PHYSICAL PROPERTIES such as mass, particle size, molecular polarity, boiling and freezing points, and solubility, permit physical separation of the components of the mixture.

3. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
Funnel with
filter paper              
Insoluble solid
trapped in
filter paper        

4. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Filtration is also used to separate an insoluble solid from an soluble solid.  
Insoluble solid
trapped in
filter paper
Soluble solid dissolved in the solvent and dripping through
Funnel with
filter paper

5. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

6. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Separatory funnels can also be used to separate immiscible liquids.
Liquid of
lower
density
Liquid of
higher
density

7. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Turkey fat separators can also be used to separate immiscible turkey fat from the turkey drippings .

8. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Distillation is used to separate a soluble solid solute from a liquid solvent.
Hot liquid
solvent
vapors
Condensing arm
Pure solvent
Solution of a solid dissolved in a liquid
Pure solid
solute remains

9. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Distillation can also be used to separate a soluble liquid solute from a liquid solvent.
Hot vapors
of liquid
w / lower b.p.
Condensing arm
Distilled liquid
w / lower b.p.
Solution of a liquid dissolved in a second liquid
Liquid w / higher b.p.

10. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Distillation can also be used to separate a soluble liquid solute from a liquid solvent.
Still

11. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Crystallization is used to separate a solid of lower solubility from a solid with higher solubility.
More soluble
Solid remains
dissolved
in solution
Less soluble solid
crystallizes out
of solution

12. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Paper chromatography is a separation method in which the components of a mixture are attracted differently to other substances not in the mixture.
component more
attracted to
the mobile solvent
component more
attracted to
the stationary material
solvent
flow

13. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Column chromatography is a separation method in which the components of a mixture are attracted differently to other substances not in the mixture.
solvent
flow
component more
attracted to
the stationary material   
component more
attracted to
the mobile solvent      

14. Methods of Separating Mixtures
Column Chromatography.