2. Separation Techniques

3. Methods of Separating Mixtures Magnet Filter Decant Evaporation Centrifuge Chromatography Distillation

4. Filtrate: as the liquid that passes through the filter

5. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 40 Mixture of solid and liquid Stirring rod Filtrate (liquid component of the mixture) Filter paper traps solid Funnel

7. Paper Chromatography

8. Distillation Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

9. Setup to heat a solution Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 42 Ring stand Beaker Wire gauze Ring Bunsen burner

10. A Distillation Apparatus liquid with a solid dissolved in it thermometer condenser tube distilling flask pure liquid receiving flask hose connected to cold water faucet Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter, 3 rd Edition, 1990, page 282

11. Cooling water out Cooling water in Run hose into sink Connect hose to cold water tap

12. The solution is boiled and steam is driven off. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 39

13. Salt remains after all water is boiled off. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 39

14. No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 40 Saltwater solution (homogeneous mixture) Distillation (physical method) Salt Pure water

15. Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 40

16. Different Types of Fuel Combustion 2 C 8 H 18 + 25 O 2  16 CO 2 + 18 H 2 O __CH 3 OH +__O 2  __CO 2 +__H 2 O Methanol (in racing fuel) Gasoline (octane)

17. Centrifugation Spin sample very rapidly: denser materials go to bottom (outside) Separate blood into serum and plasma –Serum (clear) –Plasma (contains red blood cells ‘RBCs’) Check for anemia (lack of iron) Blood RBC’s Serum A B C AFTER Before

18. Electrolysis

19. Water Molecules Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 8

20. The decomposition of two water molecules. 2 H 2 O  O 2 + 2 H2H2 Electric current Water molecules Diatomic oxygen molecule hydrogen molecules +

21. Electrolysis *Must add acid catalyst to conduct electricity *H 1+ water oxygen hydrogen “electro” = electricity “lysis” = to split Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 32 Water Hydrogen gas forms Oxygen gas forms ElectrodeSource of direct current H 2 O(l) O 2 (g) + 2 H 2 (g)