1. Physical Science Chapter 23
Acids, Bases and Salts
Note: You will not be able to view the videos from the internet version of this presentation. Copyright laws prevent that option. 1

2. These and many more like them keep the oceans from being big lakes
These and many more like them keep the oceans from being big lakes. What do you think this picture is of?
Close-up view of a salt crystal on a pretzel. Salts are formed in the neutralization reaction that occurs when an acid is mixed with a base.
Intro Video 14.

3. Acids—contains at least one hydrogen atom that can be removed.
23-1 Acids and Bases
Read page 766.
Acids—contains at least one hydrogen atom that can be removed.
Properties of acids.
Taste sour
Corrosive and can damage to skin or tissue 3

4. 23-1 Acids and Bases
3. React with an indicator such as litmus paper to produce a predictable color change. 4

5. 23-1 Acids and Bases Read page 767. 1. Foods contain acids
Common acids
1. Foods contain acids
a. Citrus fruits have citric acid
b. Yogurt and butttermilk have lactic acid
c. Vinegar, or acetic acid, is in pickled foods. 5

6. This lists the names and formulas of a few acids, their uses, and some properties.

7. 2. The stomach uses hydrochloric acid.
23-1 Acids and Bases
2. The stomach uses hydrochloric acid.
3. Four acids are vital to industry.
a. Sulfuric acid is used in car batteries and the manufacturing of fertilizer.
b. Phosphoric acid is used to manufacture detergents, fertilizers and soft drinks. 6

8. c. Nitric acid is used to manufacture fertilizers and explosives.
23-1 Acids and Bases
c. Nitric acid is used to manufacture fertilizers and explosives.
d. Steel can be cleaned with hydrochloric acid.
Natural Acids and Bases 4. 7

9. 23-1 Acids and Bases
Read page 768
Base—a substance that forms hydroxide ions in a water solution; also accepts hydronium ions from acids.
Properties of bases
1. Many are crystalline solids in pure undissolved state.
bases 8

10. 2. Feel slippery in solution. 3. Strong bases are corrosive.
23-1 Acids and Bases
2. Feel slippery in solution.
3. Strong bases are corrosive.
4. React with indicators to produce predictable color changes; litmus paper turns blue.
Acid and Bases Properties 2.04 9

11. Solutions of acids and bases.
Read page 769.
Common bases are used in cleaning products, medications, fabrics, and deodorants.
Read page 770.
Solutions of acids and bases.
1. Acid describes compounds that can be ionized in water to form hydronium ions. 10

12. 23-1 Acids and Bases
2. Base describes compounds that can be ionized in water to form hydronium ions.
3. Solutions of acids and solutions of bases are electric conductors to some extent. 11
TA: Recast Section 1 Assessment in groups.

13. 23-2 Strength of Acids and Bases
Read pg
The strength of an acid or base depends on how completely a compound separates into ions when dissolved in water.
A strong acid ionizes almost completely in solution.
A weak acid only partly ionizes in solution. 12

14. 23-2 Strength of Acids and Bases
3. A strong base dissociates completely in solution.
4. A weak base does not ionize completely.
5. Strong acids and bases conduct more electricity than weak ones.
6. Equations for strong acids and bases use a single arrow, indicating ions are formed. 13

15. 23-2 Strength of Acids and Bases
7. Equations for weak acids and bases use double arrows pointing in opposite directions, indicating an incomplete reaction. 14

16. 23-2 Strength of Acids and Bases
8. Dilute and concentrated are terms to describe the amount of acid or base dissolved.
Strong and Weak Bases 2.31 15

17. 23-2 Strength of Acids and Bases
Read page 774
pH of a solution.
1. pH is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution or how acidic or basic it is. 16

18. The pH scale helps you classify solutions as acidic or basic.
Acid & Bases in Beverages 5.49

19. This experiment shows how well blood plasma acts as a buffer. A
This experiment shows how well blood plasma acts as a buffer. A. Adding 1 mL of concentrated HCl to 1 L of salt water changes the pH from 7.4 to 2.0. B. Adding the same amount of concentrated HCl to 1 L of blood plasma changes the pH from 67.4 to 7.2.

20. 23-2 Strength of Acids and Bases
a. pH lower than 7 means acidic.
b. pH greater than 7 means basic.
c. pH exactly 7 indicates a neutral solution.
2. pH is determined using a universal indicator paper or a pH meter. 19

21. 23-2 Strength of Acids and Bases
3. Blood contains buffers which keep the pH in the blood balanced at about 7.4.
Video pH 1.09 20
Recast questions Section 2 Assessment.

22. 23-3 Salts
Read Neutralization 777.
Neutralization—chemical reaction between an acid and a base taking place in a water solution. 21

23. 23-3 Salts
Read Salt Formation pg. 777.
B. Salt—compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base; salts also form when acids react with metals. 22

24. 1. Salt is essential in many animals.
23-3 Salts
Read 778 Salts.
1. Salt is essential in many animals.
2. Other salt uses include manufacturing of paint, rubber, glass, soap, detergents, and dry cell batteries. 23

25. 23-3 Salts
Read Titration pg 780.
Titration is used to determine the concentration of an acid or basic solution.
A solution of known concentration is the standard solution.
An acid/base indicator is added to the unknown solution.
Video 24

26. 3. A color change that persists is the end point.
23-3 Salts
3. A color change that persists is the end point. 25
TA: M L pg 781

27. Soaps are organic salts with polar and nonpolar ends.
Read pg Soaps and Detergents.
Soaps are organic salts with polar and nonpolar ends.
1. The nonpolar, hydrocarbon end interacts with oil and dirt.
2. The polar end helps oil and dirt dissolve in water.
Video 26

28. 23-3 Salts
E. Detergents—form more soluble salts with the ions in hard water and reduce soap scum; can cause other environmental problems. 27

30. 23-3 Salts
Read Versatile Esters pg
Esters come from alcohols that are not bases but have a hydroxyl group.
Esters are used in fruit flavorings and perfumes.
Polyesters are synthetic fibers used to make fabrics. 29
TA: Recast Section 3 Assessment.

31. Review for Test
In a titration, the point where the indicator changes color and stays that way is the ____.
endpoint 30

32. Review for Test
In a titration, the solution for which the concentration is known is called the _________.
Standard solution 31

33. H3O+ units are called _________.
Review for Test
H3O+ units are called _________.
Hydronium ions 32

34. Review for Test
In an equation describing the ionization of an acid, double arrows pointing in opposite directions indicate the acid is ______.
neutral 33

35. A substance that produces H+ ions in solution is a(n) _____.
Review for Test
A substance that produces H+ ions in solution is a(n) _____.
acid 34

36. A substance that produces OH- ions in solution is a(n) ____.
Review for Test
A substance that produces OH- ions in solution is a(n) ____.
base 35

37. Review for Test
Our blood contains ____, which allow small amounts of acids or bases to be absorbed without harmful effects.
buffers 36

38. Review for Test
Organic substances that change color in the presence of an acid or a base are called _____.
indicators 37

39. Review for Test
A compound formed in solution from the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base is a _____.
salt 38

40. Review for Test c Which of these will not react to form an ester?
Ethyl alcohol and sodium hydroxide
sodium chloride and ethyl alcohol
acetic acid and ethyl alcohol c 39

41. Name characteristics shared by soap and detergents.
Review for Test
Name characteristics shared by soap and detergents.
They have long carbon chains; they may be classified as an organic salt; they are used for cleaning. 40

42. Review for Test
What is the best indicator of the number of hydronium ions in a solution?
The pH 41

43. Antacids work because they _____ excess stomach acid.
Review for Test
Antacids work because they _____ excess stomach acid.
Neutralize it. 42

44. Review for Test
A solution with a bitter taste and a slippery feel is most likely ____.
A base 43

45. HCl is the formula for ____.
Review for Test
HCl is the formula for ____.
Hydrochloric acid 44

46. When you wash your hands with soap, you are using a ____.
Review for Test
When you wash your hands with soap, you are using a ____.
base 45

47. The terms dilute and concentrated refer to the ___ of a solution.
Review for Test
The terms dilute and concentrated refer to the ___ of a solution.
concentration 46

48. Review for Test
The strength of a base that only partly ionizes in solution would be described as ____.
weak 47

49. Review for Test
A reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water is a _______ reaction.
neutralization 48