1. A. SAHARA A. SAHARA: ~largest d________ ~stretches across most of North Africa ~about the size of the U_________ __________AFRICA What would be a good mode of transportation across the desert? Why? B. Savanna B. Savanna: ~Grasslands with scattered trees and bushes Animals of the savanna C. Rainforest I. Regions of Africa ~Located near the _______________ ~ Animals:

2. II. People B_______ (describes both people and language) 1. 200 million Africans speak it 2. Early times Farmers, fishers, herder 3. Families ~Life revolve around family or _______ Mother’s name 4. Culture begin in West Africa and Spread Why? a. M_______ for food and water (so they would be _____________) b. Joined other groups living in the area c. Carried knowledge of metal working iron tools Hint to remember Bantu?

3. Kingdoms of Africa I.Intro A.Salt 1.f/ Latin meaning “salary” 2. We need salt to survive a. to regulate body fluid; too little sodium= confused, lethargic, coma b. too much salt: blood pressure, heart disease, heart failure c. Sodium intake 1. 500 mg/day (1/4 tsp.) 2. double whopper w/ cheese = 1520mg 3. Average American = 3000-5000 mg/day 3. Why is salt important in Africa? a. b. 4. Obtaining Salt a. _______ ~blocks of Salt b. Salt water ~pools of h20 and precipitation

4. II. Ghana Kingdom (400-1000) A. 1 st W. African Kingdom based on _ _ _ _ _ by 400 CE (hint: movement of goods) Based on TRADE of 1. _______- Ghana had Gold 2. _______ – traveled North for salt B. Location 1. N of rich gold fields 2. people travel through Ghana to get to places C. Capital- ___________________ ~divided into 2 cities 1. Center of T _ _ _ _ 2. Royal City with King D. Important Ghana dates 400’s – Ghana Kingdom began 1000 – power weakened; invaders from the North overran the cities 1200 – Ghana Kingdom divided into individual small states ****Stay Tuned for the next up and coming kingdom…….*********

5. III. Mali Kingdom (1200-1450) A. 1230 CE – Mali had taken control of the G_ _ _ and _ _ _ _ Trade B. Location – Where? C. Sundiata 1. the “Lion King” of Mali why? 2. Ruled f/ 1230-1255 3. practiced I_ _ _ _, but still believed in many spirits 4. introduced cultivation of cotton 5. responsible for making Mali a rich and successful kingdom ~Mali took control of G_ _ _ & S _ _ _ Trade D. Mansa Musa 1. 1312: Mansa Musa became ruler of Mali 2. Mansa Musa was a _________________, this means that he practiced this religion:___________________

6. E. Songhai 1. 1400’s – became leading kingdom in West African Savanna Savanna - ________________________ 2. 1468 – Songhai conquered Tombouctou Tombouctou – city great in wealth and power 3. 1500 – people fight among themseleves a. kingdom becomes weaker b. Songhai fell to gun and canon armies from Morocco 4. Capital= Kawkaw

7. What you need to teach Oral Presentation Visual poster, pictures, graphic organizer, chart Notes or Handout for the class Assessment quiz, question, activity 5 Test questions with answers Group Assignments 1’s – Ile- Ife & Benin 2’s – Tombouctou 3’s – Aksum & Lalibela 4’s – Kilwa & Zimbabwe

8. Cartoons by Bentley Boyd