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Basic Navigation Lecture 4 ACP32 Vol2
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Basic Navigation By the end of this lecture you should know: How to measure distance How to Contour
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Measuring Distance There are 2 ways to measure distance Pacing – counting your steps. Timing – how long it takes to reach features.
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Pacing Used for measuring accurate and short distances. Count every other pace, i.e. Every time your right foot hits the ground. Practise and work out how many of your own steps equals a known distance. E.g.. My paces (counting my right leg) are 4ft approx. If I count 320 paces I will travel half a mile.
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Timing Timing is used for longer distances and when you may accidentally walk past your objective. If the distance to the objective is known and you know your travelling speed you can state when you will reach an objective. E.g. You walk at 3mph and the objective is 3 miles away, you will reach the objective in an hour. E.g. You walk at 3mph and the objective is 1 mile away, how long will it take to reach the objective? 20 minutes
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Timing Walking uphill is more difficult and will take longer. You must allow for this in your timing. A British Climber call Naismith devised a rule back in 1892 which we can use. Naismith’s rule: Naismith’s rule: Allow 1 hour for every 3 miles(5 km) forward, plus ½ hour for every 1000 feet(300 metres) climbed. E.g. you travel along an uphill path for 6 miles and climb 500ft. How long will it take E.g. you travel along an uphill path for 6 miles and climb 500ft. How long will it take? 2 hours and 15mintues. When going down a steep hill add on 10minutes for every 200m descended.
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Timing However you time your journey you must take account of several things. Fitness: your group can only travel as fast as the slowest member, do not let them trail behind and maintain a comfortable pace. Terrain: uneven ground, marsh and slopes takes longer to cross than flat ground. Make an allowance. Load: a heavy rucksack will slow you down. You might only travel at 1-2 mph instead of 3mph.s
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Contouring Much easier than going over some large inclines. Maintain your height and walk around the obstacle. E.g to walk over this hill would take an extra 45 minutes and require greater effort. By contouring around no climbing is necessary and less time is spent on the obstacle.
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