1. Bioinorganic chemistry Introduction

2. Bioinorganic chemistry as a highly interdisciplinary research field Inorganic chemistry biochemistry (micro-) biology physiology physics pharmacology toxicology Bioinorganic chemistry

3. Bioinorganic Chemistry - biological chemistry of the elements - inorganic chemistry of life Living organisms require: 1. Temperature from 0°C to about 40 °C 2. Pressure of the order of 1 atm = 101 kPa 3. Salinity up to about 4% 4. pH in the range 4 to 9 5. Redox potential -0.4 to + 0.8 V at pH = 7 6. Water activity 0.7 to 1.0 mole fraction Essential feature of life: Continuous adaptation to changing environmental conditions

4. Interrelationship between the three interlocking features of a biological system Living system DNA/RNA plan (genetics) Proteins Membranes Saccharides (machinery) ElectronesIons Energy (bio-energetics) compartments

5. Biológiai rendszerek általános felépítése Élő szervezetek DNA/RNA (genetikai) Proteinek Membránok Szénhidrátok (felépítés) ElektronokIonok Energia (bio-energetikai) csoportok

6. Evolution of life essential elements Earth solidified ~ 4 billion years ago 81 stabile elements Elements of the living organism: 1.Elements in large scale: 11 elements H, C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca 2.Elements in small scale: 7 elements Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, I, Mo 3.Elements of a few species: 7 elements B, F, Si, V, Cr, Se, Sn

7. Life essential macro elements Life essential trace elements H O C N P SFe Cu Zn Mn Mo Cl K Na Ca MgCo Cr Se Ni F V Non-essential elements Be As Si B Li Ag SnRb Cs Sr Ba Al Y Ga InTl Ge Pb Sb Bi Te Au Br Sc Ti Zr HfNb Ta W Rc CdHg

8. bulk eliments trace eliments for some species Periodic Table

9. Interaction of some elements (Chowdhuri, Chandra) Mn FeCd Cu ZnPb Ca SeHg Cr

10. Concentration and physiological effect

11. Element% of total number of atoms in human body Number of grams in a 70-kg Man H636580 O 25.548550 C 9.512590 N 1.41815 Ca 0.311700 P 0.22680 K 0.06250 S 0.05100 Cl 0.03115 Na 0.0370 Mg 0.0142 Fe < 0.017 Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, V, Cr, Ni, F, < 0.011 Si, Se, As

12. ~ 1.5 billion years ago Formation of biologically important molecules BiomonomersBiopolymers ~10 3 ~10 10 e.g.: HCN NitrilesAminonitriles Amino acids Polypeptides Chemical evolution of life:

13. Miller-Urey Experiment (Spontaneous Generation)

14. Raw Ingredients Monomers Polymers Cell Membrane Reproduction Living Cell Raw ingredients assumed to have been present in atmosphere and hydrosphere of Early Earth: water carbon dioxide carbon monoxide N-gases S-gases methane ? yields: amino acids, sugars, nucleic acid bases, lipids

15. Origin of Life a)Life was formed in fluid medium b)Adaptation to a reducing atmosphere c)Adaptation to an oxidizing atmosphere ad. a) Cell-like structures: - Hydrophobic interactions (formation of coacervate droplets, micelle) - Protenoid microsphere - Primitive gene ad. b) CO 2, N 2, CH 4, H 2 O, CO, H 2 S, HCN, NH 3 ad. c) Product of photosynthesis

16. Ion concentrations in sea water and extracellular blood plasma IonSea water (mM) Blood plasma (mM) Na + 470138 Mg 2+ 501 Ca 2+ 103 K+K+ 4 Cl - 55100 HPO 2- 4 0.0011 SO 2- 4 281 Fe 2+/3+ 0.00010.02 Zn 2+ 0.00010.02 Cu 2+ 0.0010.015

17. Biopolymers The chemistry of living organisms is called biochemistry Biochemical molecules tend to be very large and difficult to synthesize Living organisms are highly ordered. Therefore, living organism have very low entropy Most biologically important molecules are polymers, called biopolymers Biopolymers fall into three classes: proteins polysaccharides (carbohydrates), and nucleic acids The chemistry of living organisms is called biochemistry Biochemical molecules tend to be very large and difficult to synthesize Living organisms are highly ordered. Therefore, living organism have very low entropy Most biologically important molecules are polymers, called biopolymers Biopolymers fall into three classes: proteins polysaccharides (carbohydrates), and nucleic acids