1. Section 1 Exchange within the Environment

2.  A cell must be able to take in energy and get rid of wastes  The exchange of materials between a cell and its environment takes place at the cell membrane

3.  Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration  Naturally spreading out

4.  Can occur across cell membranes or outside the cell  No energy is needed

5.  Tea in cup of hot water  Fragrance from a candle

7.  The diffusion of water through the cell membrane  Pure water has the highest concentration (100%)  To lower concentration, something must be added to the water

8.  Diffusion is anything, Osmosis is water  In diffusion or osmosis, particles move from areas of _High__ concentration to areas of _Low_ concentration.

9.  Salt water has a low concentration of water and high concentration of salt.  The cells of your body have high concentration of water and low salt.  Which way will the water move?

10.  Water from your cells will move from high to low concentration, leaving your cells and dehydrating you

11.  Occurs through the proteins embedded throughout the membrane  No energy used  Still moving high to low  Includes sugars and amino acids

12.  Occurs through the proteins embedded throughout the membrane  Uses energy (ATP)  Occurs from LOW to HIGH  Example – nutrients brought into the roots of a plant

14.  Bringing large particles into the cell  Means “within the cell”  The cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle

15.  Taking things out of the cell  Means “outside the cell”  Vesicles are formed at the ER or Golgi and brought to the membrane to be released out of the cell

17.  Nearly all of the energy that fuels life comes from the sun

18.  The process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

20.  Molecules in plant cells that absorb light energy  Chlorophyll is the main pigment for photosynthesis

21.  Cellular respiration  Fermentation

22.  The process of releasing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose: producing carbon dioxide and water

24.  The breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen

25.  Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy

26.  Relates to breathing in that both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide

27.  In the muscles, producing lactic acid as a product  In bacteria and yeast, used in baking bread. The CO 2 produced makes bread light and fluffy