1. 1A2 Geography 11 th November 2014 Topic: Industrial Inertia

2. Homework Page 46, question 3.

3. Changing industrial location Location of industry may change over time. Why? A change in production methods → new services and infrastructure required. No longer a need for a certain type of energy source – e.g. in the past, most industries needed to be close to coal mines – coal was the main source of power.

4. The British iron and steel industry 1700s: Industrial Revolution began. Iron and steel industries established in Britain. Large amounts of coal. Iron ore deposits – raw materials.

5. The British iron and steel industry Wood had been main energy source. Burned in homes and small industries. Population increase = increase in demand for timber. Transportation of wood from distant places was expensive.

6. The British iron and steel industry Coal A better fuel source. Energy x 3. Bulky, heavy and difficult to transport → steel mills built beside mines.

7. Decline of the coal industry 1913: 2500 coal mines in Britain. 226 million tons transported by rail. 1947: 450 mines in operation. 1960s/1970s Demand for coal decreased. Alternative sources of energy available.

8. Decline of the coal industry Competition: Other countries increased steel production, e.g. Germany. 2011: 50 coal mines open in Britain. Today, locating by the coast is more favourable. Transportation: goods – imported and exported.

9. Industrial Inertia When an industry does not relocate, even though it may be economically sound to do so. Brand name. Traditions associated with an area.

10. Industrial Inertia Sheffield, England – reputation for steel production. Factory remained open following the closure of a mine. Approach altered to remain open. New energy sources. New products, such as surgical instruments.