1. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Chapter 9: Foundations of Group Behavior 9-1

2. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Groups  Groups can be either formal or informal.  Formal groups  Informal groups  Social Identity Theory LO 1 9-2

3. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Group Development LO 2 9-3

4. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. LO 2 9-4 Group Effectiveness

5. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Role  a set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit.  Role perception  Role expectations  Psychological contract  Role conflict LO 3 9-5

6. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Norms & Status  Norms – acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members.  Status – a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others.  Status characteristics theory LO 4 9-6

7. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Group Size  Group size affects the group’s overall behavior.  Large groups  Smaller groups  Social loafing – the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than alone. LO 5 9-7

8. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Cohesive Groups LO 6 9-8

9. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Group Decision Making  Strengths :  More complete information and knowledge  Increased diversity of views  Increased acceptance of solutions  Weaknesses :  Time consuming  Conformity pressures  Dominance of a few members  Ambiguous responsibility LO 8 9-9

10. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Grouthink & Groupshift  Groupthink – situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.  Groupshift – a change between a group’s decision and an individual decision that a member within the group would make. LO 8 9-10

11. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Brainstorming & Nominal Group Technique  Brainstorming can overcome pressures for conformity.  The nominal group technique - restricts discussion or interpersonal communication during the decision making process. LO 9 9-11