2. Campylobacter Sensitivity SDSU AntibioticSR penicillin 0100 ampicillin6040 tetracycline3565 sulfa0100 nuflor5050 mycotil*955

3. Quality Assurance Dr. Suelee Robbe Needle size Location Amount Method

4. Quality Assurance Programs Standardized methods of handling, treating, and processing food animals to help ensure quality and wholesomeness to the consumer. Standardized methods of handling, treating, and processing food animals to help ensure quality and wholesomeness to the consumer.

5. Where is the sheep industry in this picture?

6. Goals of a Quality Assurance program for Sheep n Keep muscle damage down to a minimum. (Injection sites, bruises, etc…) n Eliminate illegal drug residues and foreign objects. n Prudent use of extra-label drugs. n Consistent meat “eating quality” n Wool QA.

7. Minimizing Injection Site Damage Needle handling Needle handling  Stainless Steel, Disposable  Different needle for drawing out of a multi-dose bottle.  Change after bent, burred needles or 10-20 head.

9. Needles (SQ) Acceptable needles Acceptable needles  18 gauge by ½ inch (5/8 inch in disposable)  20 gauge by ½ inch Acceptable areas Acceptable areas  Neck (preferred)  Behind elbow  Inside loose skin of the flank (Only on lambs)

10. SQ, IM SQ

12. QA Guidelines (cont.) Follow Label instructions. Follow Label instructions. Never mix products in one injection. Never mix products in one injection. Never put more than 10 cc’s per site in adult ewes, 5 cc’s in lambs, feeder lambs. Never put more than 10 cc’s per site in adult ewes, 5 cc’s in lambs, feeder lambs. Know the Products you are using. Know the Products you are using. Follow common sense. Follow common sense.

13. Goals of a Quality Assurance program for Sheep n Keep muscle damage down to a minimum. (Injection sites, bruises, etc…) n Eliminate illegal drug residues and foreign objects. n Prudent use of extra-label drugs. n Consistent meat “eating quality” n Wool QA.

14. What are the sheep Approved Antibiotics? n n Erythromycin/ Gallimycin u u Unacceptable Tissue reactivity. n n Penicillin u u 3000 units per pound of body weight or 1.0 ml (cc) for each 100 lbs. once daily. n n Naxcel (ceftiofur) (prescription use only) u u 0.5-1 mg/lb. IM (If reconstituted per label directions, 1-2 cc/100 lbs.) n n If these drugs are used any way other than the label, it must be done with veterinary approval.

15. When can we use Drugs that are Not Approved for Sheep? n This is addressed in a law that was passed called AMDUCA (Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act). n This act gives veterinarians the right to use and recommend the use of drugs that are not approved for use in sheep. (ONLY under certain circumstances)

16. AMDUCA A valid VCPR exists. A valid VCPR exists. The health of the animal is at immediate risk and suffering or death would result if a drug were not used. The health of the animal is at immediate risk and suffering or death would result if a drug were not used. There is not an approved drug on the market for that particular condition. There is not an approved drug on the market for that particular condition. Accurate records of usage are kept Accurate records of usage are kept Treated animals can be easily identified for an extended period. Treated animals can be easily identified for an extended period. An extended withdrawal time is used to assure that no illegal residue occurs. An extended withdrawal time is used to assure that no illegal residue occurs.

17. Recommendations to Producers for Prudent Antibiotic Use n Before treatment is given, a diagnosis must be made by you, or your veterinarian. n Use a sheep veterinarian that gives you treatment protocols. (preferably written) n Follow your sheep veterinarian’s advice and give feedback. n Every time you give an antibiotic understand and adhere to the withdrawal time. n Keep Appropriate Records n Before treatment is given, a diagnosis must be made by you, or your veterinarian. n Use a sheep veterinarian that gives you treatment protocols. (preferably written) n Follow your sheep veterinarian’s advice and give feedback. n Every time you give an antibiotic understand and adhere to the withdrawal time. n Keep Appropriate Records

18. Appropriate Records n Group vs individual treatment n Date treated n Product, amount and injection site u Other items given at same time u Management item, hoof trimming or shearing n Lot number on the product n Weather conditions n Group vs individual treatment n Date treated n Product, amount and injection site u Other items given at same time u Management item, hoof trimming or shearing n Lot number on the product n Weather conditions

19. Veterinarians Role in the Sheep Industry We must be able to justify ourselves economically. We must be able to justify ourselves economically. Medicine on a Flock basis Medicine on a Flock basis  QA, Protocols, outbreak treatments, diagnostic assistance. Prevention of Disease on a Flock basis. Prevention of Disease on a Flock basis.  Biosecurity Protocols, Risk Assessments