1. Beta Cell Mass in Type 2 DM Gepts et al McClean et al Westermark et al Saito et al Stefan et al Ann Roy Sci Med Nat 10:1, 1957 Reduced Diabetes 4:367, 1957Reduced Diabetologia 15:417, 1978Reduced Tokohu J Exp Med 129:273, 1979Reduced Diabetes 31:694, 1982Reduced Kloppel et alSurv Synth Path Res 4:110, 1985Reduced Clark et alDiabetes Res Clin Prac 4:151, 1988Reduced Guiot et alDiabetes 50 (Suppl 1):S188, 2001Reduced Sakuraba et alDiabetologia 45:85, 2002Reduced Butler et alDiabetes 52:102, 2003Reduced Voon et alJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2000,2003Reduced Rahier et alDiab Obes Metab Suppl 4:32, 2008Reduced

4. 35%  -cells 65% β-cells 52%  -cells 48% β-cells P <0.01 Adapted from Deng S, et al. Diabetes. 2004;53:624-632. T2DMControl In T2DM, β-Cell Mass in Islets is Significantly Reduced

5. Beta cell mass is a function of relative rates of apoptosis, replication and neogenesis.

6. Butler et al Diabetes 52:102, 2003

8. Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Beta Cell Mass and Function NormalAbnormal Insulin Resistance Yes No Normal Glucose ToleranceAbnormal Glucose Tolerance Deterioration in Capacity to Secrete Insulin Glucose-Lipotoxicity Loss of Mass Type 2 Diabetes Compensation ++