1. Tier 4 Engines Are Here. Now What? Originally Presented at the 32 nd Annual Conference and Annual Meeting March 2-3, 2014 Tuscany Suites and Casino Las Vegas, NV

2. Topics For Discussion Today Introduction dates for Tier 4 Interim (T4I) and Tier 4 Final (T4F). Tier 4 “Compliant” is not the same as Tier 4 “Certified”. – Know the difference. Project Owners are driving early introduction of Tier 4 Equipment. – Your projected equipment life expectancy doesn’t count.

3. Introduction Dates for Tier 4 Interim (T4I) and Tier 4 Final (T4F)

4. EPA Non-Road Emission Regulations Exhaust After Treatment Required Exhaust After Treatment Required

5. T4I / T4F Availability

6. T4I/T4F Emission Standards (175-750 hp) PollutantTier 4 Interim (g/bhp-hr)Tier 4 Final (g/bhp-hr) Hydrocarbons0.14 Nitrogen Oxides (NO X )1.50.3 Carbon Monoxide (CO)2.62.2 Particulate Matter (PM)0.015

7. T4F Emission Reductions Comparison of Tier 1 Emission Standards to Tier 4 Final Emission Standards. PollutantTier 1 (g/bhp-hr)Tier 4 Final (g/bhp-hr)Recent Reduction (%) Hydrocarbons10.1486 Nitrogen Oxides (NO X )6.90.396 Carbon Monoxide (CO)8.52.274 Particulate Matter (PM)0.40.01596

8. T4I / T4F Availability Implications for transition from T4I to T4F: – T4F will become Best Available Control Technology (BACT), restricting the ability to get air quality permits for portable equipment and stationary engines. – Generally, permitting requirements don’t impact off-road self-propelled equipment. – Local construction policies will shift to Tier 4.

9. Transition to Tier 4 Excerpt from LA County Metro’s Green Construction Policy.

10. Tier 4 “Compliant” is not the same as Tier 4 “Certified”

11. Certified vs. Compliant Engine Certifications. – Engine Certifications are obtained by the manufacturer. – An In-Use engine cannot be re-certified to a higher tier level. “Flex” or “Transition” Engines. – These are lower-tier engines which EPA and CARB allow to be installed in a current model year machine.

12. Certified vs. Compliant A Tier 4 “Certified” engine meets the Tier 4 Emission Standards. A Tier 4 “Compliant” engines satisfies EPA’s phase in allowance, and; – Is legal to sell in the United States, and; – Is legal to operate in the United States, but; – Is not certified to the Tier 4 Emission Standards (it’s likely Tier 3).

13. Certified vs. Compliant – Purpose is to prevent product availability disruptions when the tier standards change. – Allowances to produce these engines are provided to manufacturers based on their sales history. – Special labels are affixed to these engines that reference the flex provisions. – Indicated by the reference to 40 CFR 1039.625 and 13 CCR 2423(d) on the engine emissions label.

14. Compliant Engine Labels

15. Project Owners are Driving Early Introduction of Tier 4 Equipment

16. Early Introduction of Tier 4 Equipment These Permit Conditions are from a Permit issued by EPA Region 1. These conditions generally require the use of Tier 2 and Tier 3 Engines. However…

17. Early Introduction of Tier 4 Equipment The 226 ton NO X limit was not attainable using Tier 2 and Tier 3 equipment. The project owner requested that the Contractor use certified Tier 4 final equipment to maintain compliance with the 226 ton NO X limit.

18. Thank You For Attending If you have any questions, please contact me: Mike Buckantz Associates Environmental 16882 Bolsa Chica Street, Suite 202 Huntington Beach, CA 92649 (714) 625-7020 / (714) 362-9085 Fax mbuck@associatesenvironmental.com