1. Paraphrasing in the Body of Your Essay To incorporate material from sources into your essay, you paraphrase the source, or you quote the source.

2. What is paraphrasing? Paraphrasing is ______________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Should you cite your source?

3. Keep in mind… When you paraphrase, you change the language of the source into ________________. Do not change a few words; change the _________________ __________________________!

4. Example Original quote: “Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes” (Lester 46). Paraphrase: In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46). Work Cited Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. Print.

5. Step 1- How Do I Really “Put Others’ Writing in My Own Words”? Rearrange the structure  Create a new subject for the sentence/thought  Flip the order of the ideas around  Combine thoughts together- or break them apart Use different words  Create new action verbs  Brainstorm synonyms for the nouns present  Make multiple changes; writing is a process Identify key words to keep

6. Practice Example: Paraphrase the following statement using the phrase or portion of the phrase in parenthesis. Refer to your article for more context. “All of these explanations share one characteristic.”  (unites OR exists throughout) One characteristic unites each explanation. One characteristic exists throughout each explanation. A common thread runs through each reason.

7. When using a paraphrase… You must  ____________ your paraphrase: Tell who said it, what is going on in the story, etc.  ____________ your paraphrase: Change the wording, sentence structure, and tone of the original passage  ____________ your paraphrase: Explain how this information proves your thesis

8. Example Paraphrase with 3 I’s: According to James D. Lester, author of Writing Research Papers, in research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (46). Therefore, when students write their essays, they should paraphrase as often as possible and only use quotations when necessary. Then their work becomes more authentic. Work Cited Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. Print. __________ ___________ _________

9. Notice Since the author’s name is included in the paraphrase, you do not need the full in-text citation, only the page number. The passage __________________ ____________________; it reads like a complete, correct sentence. The paraphrase is ___________, not patched on and left for the reader to figure out what it means.

10. Helpful Verbs When Quoting or Paraphrasing Remember, many verbs can be used to introduce quotes and paraphrases. For example: __________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ _________________________________.

11. A Road Map for the Reader You must properly direct your reader to your Work Cited page with a __________________________! This citation will tell your reader exactly where to go on your ____________ page to find the source of this quote. The Work Cited page, in turn, directs your reader to the _________.

12. __________________ (aka) Parenthetical Citation In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what's known as _________________________. Immediately following a quotation from a source or a paraphrase of a source's ideas, you place the author's name followed by a space and the relevant page number(s) Example: Human beings have been described as "symbol- using animals" __________ Use the same form of citation for a paraphrase

13. When a source has no known author, use a ________________________ instead of an author name. Place the “title” in quotation marks if it's a short work, or italicize or underline it if it is a longer work

14. Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3). Your in-text citation or parenthetical citation will correspond with an entry in your Works Cited page, which, for the Burke citation above, will look something like this: Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, 1966. Print.

15. Last Words of Advice Use paraphrases that best support your ______. Use the ______________ of your paraphrase to connect back to and give support to your thesis. Remember a citation is a road map for your reader. You must give your reader (in this case your teacher) sound directions or the reader may get lost.

16. Work Cited The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. 26 Aug. 2005. Web. 25 Sept. 2008.