1. The Jefferson Era,
1800–1816
Chapter 10

2. Section 1: Jefferson Takes Office
*Main Idea: When Jefferson became president in 1801, his party replaced the Federalist programs with its own.

3. Election of 1800

4. The Election of 1800
*V. P. Thomas Jefferson -Democratic-Republican candidate
*Pres. John Adams - Federalist candidate

5. The Election of 1800
*Dem.-Rep. thought saving the nation from monarchy and oppression and argued the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the Bill of Right
*Federalists thought the nation was about to be ruined by radicals – people who take extreme political positions.

6. Breaking the Tie *Dem.-Rep. win pres.
*Tie!! Jefferson & Aaron Burr – 73 electoral votes each!
*House of Reps. broke the Burr/Jefferson tie
*Federalists control the House of Representatives
*Some Federalists fear Jefferson’s views

7. *Others, like Alexander Hamilton, feel Burr is unreliable
Breaking the Tie
*Others, like Alexander Hamilton, feel Burr is unreliable
*7 days, 35 undecided ballots
*36th ballot: Jefferson wins presidency
*Aaron Burr – V.P.

8. The Talented Jefferson
*Jefferson had many talents:
-advised Washington D. C. architects
-skilled violinist, horseman, scientist, reader
*His book collection is in the Library of Congress

9. Jefferson’s Philosophy
*Jefferson wanted to unite Americans and promote a common life style
*Wanted U.S. to remain a nation of small, independent farmers

10. Jefferson’s Philosophy
*Believes such a nation upholds strong democratic values
*Believes in a modest role for the central government

11. Undoing Federalist Programs
*Jefferson sought to end many Federalist policies:
-allowed Alien and Sedition Acts to end
-ended many taxes including whiskey tax
-reduced number of Federal employees and government debt

12. Marshall and the Judiciary
*Adams used Judiciary Act of 1801 to appoint many Federalist judges
*New president Jefferson was frustrated with Federalist judiciary
*Could not change judges because they are appointed for life

13. Marshall and the Judiciary
*Before leaving office, Adams picked Chief Justice of Supreme Court
*Federalist Chief Justice John Marshall in office for over 3 decades
*He strengthened the federal courts, presides over Marbury v. Madison, 1803

14. Marbury v. Madison

15. Marbury v. Madison
*Before leaving office, Adams appointed William Marbury as a Justice of the peace for the District of Columbia
*New Secretary of State James Madison refuseed to install Marbury

16. Marbury v. Madison
*Marbury sued, case goes to Supreme Court
*Court ruled that law under which Marbury sued was unconstitutional
*Unconstitutional: contradicts the law of the Constitution

17. Marbury v. Madison
*Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review
-judicial review—has final say in interpreting the Constitution
-helped establish balance between 3 government branches