1. Gel Electrophoresis By: Brian Barnes, Gary Pope, Eliza Morgan

2. What is GE? Pronounced Gel ee-LEK-tro-fo-REE-sis Technique for separating DNA or Protein Molecules into strands according to length

3. What’s The Point? Used to separate DNA and identify strands of interest Strands of interest are further analyzed once identified

4. The Process Test tube contains DNA Samples put in different “wells” Each well contains unique enzyme

5. The Process Gel Matrix, usually agarose Blue tracking dye added for identification purposes Electric current applied to move negatively charged DNA through agarose

6. Agarose like a spongy barrier Shorter strands of DNA move more freely through the gel Longer strands have more difficulty moving The Process

7. Blue Dye is visible moving through gel As dye touches the end, current is turned off

8. The Process Fluorescent dye is added to identify molecules Size Standards Well contains known DNA fragments to compare sizes Measured by Base Pairs (bp)

9. The Process Each band is comprised of millions of fragments of the same size

10. Analysis Now to isolate fragments of interest… The Blot- a copy of the results which enables the researcher to identify fragments of interest

11. Analysis Gel is placed in basic solution DNA denatures into single strands rather than double helix

12. Analysis Transferred to salt solution Nylon Filter placed on top Absorbent paper towels placed on filter

13. Analysis Salt solution drawn upward by paper towels DNA adheres to nylon filter Filter is treated, DNA adheres permanently

14. Analysis Radioactive DNA “probe” added DNA probe complimentary to band of interest Probe hybridizes with bands of interest

15. Analysis Filter washed to remove un-hybridized DNA X-Ray film placed over filter Radioactive probe exposed under X-Ray

16. Using the Analysis Now the strands of interest are identified Identical gel is made DNA of interest is cut out for further analysis