1. THE MUSLIM WORLD - ACHIEVEMENTS

2. Student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 C.E. by  Citing cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization Essential Questions  How did Islamic civilization preserve and extend ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning?  What were some contributions of Islamic civilization? OBJECTIVES

3. Damascus  Located in modern day Syria  Known for its fine cloth called damask and for outstanding steel and armor  Cultural center of Islamic learning Cordoba  Located in modern-day Spain  Umayyad capital  Population of over 500,000  Mix of Muslims, Christians, and Jews created a cosmopolitan atmosphere  Center of Muslim culture  70 libraries, 700 mosques, and 27 free schools RISE OF MUSLIM URBAN CENTERS

4. DAMASCUSCORDOBA

5. Cairo  Located in modern-day Egypt  The Fatimid capital City of Baghdad  Abbasid capital  Selected in 762 C.E. along the Tigris river  100,000 architects, workers, etc. to build the city  At it’s peak a population of over 1 million  Unique circular design call the “round city”  Three protective walls ringed the city  Caliph’s palace located in inner most circle along with grand mosque CITY BUILDING AND ARCHITECTURE

6. Muslim society was made up of four social classes  Upper class  Born Muslim  Paid least amount of taxes  Second class  Converts to Islam  Paid a higher tax that upper class, but lower than bottom two classes  Protected people  Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians  Slaves  Prisoners of war, non-Muslims  Performed household work or fought in military Role of women  As believers, men and women are equal according to the Qur’an  “Men are the managers of women’s affairs” and “righteous women are therefore obedient”  Shari’a law gave women specific legal rights concerning marriage, family, and property  More rights than European women of the time period  Could have access to education  Main responsibility was to raise children SOCIAL STRUCTURE

7. Advancement of scholarship  Practical concerns  Relied on math and astronomy to calculate prayers times and the direction of Mecca  Deep curiosity  Quest for truth that dated back to Muhammad  Emphasis on study and scholarship Protection of European knowledge  Muslim leaders and scholars helped to preserve and expand ancient knowledge from Europe, Persia, and India Houses of Wisdom  First library/academy opened in early 800s in Baghdad  Translated works into Arabic  1 ST universities Arabic language  Became the language of learning and scholarship MUSLIM SCHOLARSHIP

8. al-Razi  Greatest physician of the Muslim world  Wrote encyclopedia called the Comprehensive book  Believed patients would recover better if they were exposed to clean air  Hospital experiment Astronomy  Compasses used to locate the direction of Mecca  Figured out the exact times for prayer and length of Ramadan  Study of Optics  Used to develop telescopes and microscopes Geography  Calculated Earth’s circumference within 9 miles of its correct value  Produced a world atlas with dozens of maps  Compass MEDICAL ADVANCES/ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

9. Two major ideas introduced by Muslim Scholars  Reliance on scientific observation and experimentation  Mathematics as the basis of all knowledge Spread Indian concept of zero  used Arabic numerals Al- Khwarizmi  Born in Baghdad in late 700s C.E.  Studied Indian sources rather than Greek  Wrote textbook explaining Algebra  Al-jabr MATHEMATICS/ SCIENCE

10. Translated the works of the Greek philosophers into Arabic Ibn Rushd  Tried to harmonize Greek writings of Aristotle and Plato with Islam  Was attacked by some religious thinkers  Argued both beliefs had the same goal- to find truth Ibn Sina  Most famous philosopher  All knowledge from God, had proof that the soul was immortal PHILOSOPHY

11. Strong tradition of literature in Arabia before arrival of Islam  Bedouin poets Qur’an is the standard for all Arabic literature and poetry  Poetry sang praises of Muhammad and of Islam The Sufis known for their poetry  Focused on mystical experiences with God Popular literature  The Thousand and One Nights  Collection of fairy tales, parables, and legends MUSLIM LITERATURE

14. Arab rich artistic traditions were enhanced by Islam  Islam forbade depiction of living things  based on the idea that only Allah can create life  Led to development of Calligraphy  Art of beautiful handwriting Architecture  Greatest cultural blending  Blend of Byzantine, Persian, and European influences Mosques  Usually had a minaret (tower) and a prayer room inside  Variety of design styles that reflected the diversity of Muslim lands MUSLIM ART AND ARCHITECTURE

15. ARCHITECTURE DOME OF THE ROCK THE GREAT MOSQUE IN MECCA

16. Muslim Cultural AchievementsMuslim Scientific Achievements ArchitectureArabic numerals MosaicsAlgebra Arabic AlphabetMedicine UniversitiesExpansion of geographic knowledge Translation of ancient texts to Arabic