1. Chapter 2: Cinematography Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Collaboration and previsualization ä Cinematographer and Director ä References in other visual fields ä Architecture ä Painting ä Photography ä Other films Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

3. Film Stock ä Selection enables cinematographer to control ä Color reproduction ä Light sensitivity ä Contrast levels ä Sharpness ä Grain and resolution Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

4. Aspect Ratio ä Classical Hollywood ratio (1.33:1) ä Widescreen ratios (1.85:1, 2.35:1) ä Anamorphic widescreen ä Super 35 (Variable ratios) ä Nonanamorphic ä Video conversion ä Pan-and-scan ä Letterbox (hard matte) Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

5. Lighting Design ä Realistic lighting ä Simulates a source visible on screen ä Practical ä Pictorial lighting ä Emphasizes visual effects more than source simulation ä Thematic symbolism Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

6. Hard and Soft Light ä Hard light ä Directional ä High contrast, fast falloff ä Soft light ä Diffuse, non-directional ä Slow falloff, lower contrast Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

7. Lighting set-ups: High and Low Key ä Classic 3-point lighting: ä Key, fill, back lights ä High key: ä Low ratio between key and fill ä Even illumination, few shadows ä Low key: ä High ratio between key and fill ä Large areas of frame left underexposed ä Shadows Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

8. Lighting Continuity ä Continuity across shots ä Stylistic limitations ä Shooting on location ä Continuity within shots ä Camera movement Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

9. Functions of Color Cinematography ä Convey symbolic meaning ä Establish narrative organization ä Convey mood and tone Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

10. Cinematography and Digital Effects ä Digital Intermediate ä Digital grading ä Compositing of live action and digital effects ä Cinematography provides the live action components ä Motion control camerawork ä Greenscreening ä Computer-generated images (CGI) Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

11. Visual Style and Design Quotations ä Repetition of visual conventions ä Lighting conventions ä Color designs ä Shot innovations Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007