1. West Nile Virus Surveillance and Response U.S. National and Michigan 2002 Michigan Department of Agriculture Animal Industry Division Steven Halstead, D.V.M., M.S.

2. Acknowledging… zKathryn Herbst, MSU CVM Class of 2004 zDr. Jon Patterson, MSU DCPAH zDr. Roger Maes, MSU DCPAH Virology zDr. Judy Marteniuk, MSU CVM LACS

3. WNV Transmission Cycle

4. WNV and Animals zMosquitoes zBirds ywild ydomestic zHorses zHumans zOther animals?

6. From: www.thehorse.com

7. National Equine WNV Cases

8. Equine WNV Clinical Disease zListlessness z(Headache, flu-like) zFever zSkin twitching zMuscle fasciculations zStumbling zIncoordination zWeakness of limbs zAtaxia zPartial paralysis zPossible death

9. Equine WNV Facial Paralysis

10. Equine WNV Treatment & Prognosis z Majority of cases: mild or non-apparent z Small % get sick z > 65% affected horses recover to normal function when treated. z If recumbent, guarded prognosis z No specific treatment – support (IV fluids/NG tube feeding; control fever; safe, quiet housing.)

13. WNV in humans… zMichigan cases: y51 confirmed fatalities x58.8% male x84.3% over age 65 y577 confirmed cases x55.1% male ySecond in fatalities to Illinois at 54. z National cases: y254 fatalities y3893 total confirmed cases

16. Michigan 2002 Equine WNV cases: zMorbidity/Mortality Stats… yMortality reports available on 310 of 341 total cases. y179 recovered (63%) y85 euthanized (30%) y20 deaths (7%)

17. Michigan 2002 Equine WNV cases: zVaccination Stats… yVaccination history available on 310 of 341 total cases. y272 not vacc. (88%) y25 improperly vacc. (8%) y13 vaccinated (4%)

18. Michigan 2002 Equine WNV cases: No statistical difference in sickness and/or death based on age, breed or gender. zUnknown denominators: yVaccine saturation of State/National herd ySub-clinical infection level yNaturally acquired immunity

19. WNV: This year (2003)... zSurveillance yCrows, Blue Jays by zipcode yDead bird sightings yMosquitoes yHorses xLive: tested by pvt. veterinarians xDead: tested by MDA yDogs yOther animals

20. WNV: This year (2003)... zExposure risk control ySource reduction xSurface water management xHabitat control yPesticides xLarvacides xAdulticides yAvoidance xRepellants xBehavior modification z U.S. House Bill 416-9 yUp to $10,000 per local gov’t. yUp to $100,000 per county with 50% match. y$10,000 to a State agency for coordination. ySponsored by Rep. Billy Tauzin, R-La. and others.

21. WNV: This year and Next (years)... zImmunity? yNaturally acquired xbirds xhumans xHorses yArtificially acquired xEquine vaccine fully licensed as of 6 Feb. 2003 Dosing recommendations… zSimilar to EEE, SLE? zOther animals? yDogs...

26. For further information: zwww.michigan.gov/mdawww.michigan.gov/mda zwww.michigan.gov/mdchwww.michigan.gov/mdch zAfter 1 April 2003… ywww.michigan.gov/westnileviruswww.michigan.gov/westnilevirus zOthers…