1. A Colony in the Chesapeake Bay Area U.S. History Chapter 2.1

2. I. The English pattern of conquest a. Based pattern on their treatment of Irish b. 1500’s Reformation caused divisions between Catholics and Protestants c. Bitter feelings “spill over” to colonies d. Conquest was all or nothing for English 1. No blending of people 2. No assimilation into European culture

3. II. Roanoke: a disastrous beginning a. 1560’s-1570’s England looks toward America; send explorers b. 1580’s want to establish permanent settlement in America 1. Wanted bases closer to enemies- the Spanish 2. Further exploration

6. c. 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh established colony on Roanoke Island (Outer Banks) d. Efforts were disastrous 1. Colony/people disappear 2. No survivors found 3. Possibly blended with Croatan people The Lost Colony of Roanoke

7. Sir Walter Raleigh

8. III. Jamestown settlement a. English wait 20 years before trying to establish a new colony in America 1. Settlement established at mouth of James River i. Conditions bad (mosquitoes, swamps)

9. Map by John Smith

10. 2. Named Jamestown-honor King James; Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth 3. Colony started as joint-stock company-Virginia Company i. Investors ii. Wanted share of profits from colony

11. Queen Elizabeth I King James

12. b. Native American reaction 1. English wanted peaceful relations with Native Americans i. However, did intend to use Native American labor ii. Natives would not consent iii. Natives attacked English

13. 2. Native Americans recognized authority of the Pamunkey people and their leader Powhatan 3. English assured Native Americans their intentions concerning the area were good 4. Powhatan distrustful due to brother’s experiences with the Spanish i. Both despise goals of settlers ii. Threat to their way of life

14. Powhatan vs. Powhatan

15. c. The settler’s hardships 1. First Jamestown settlers almost didn’t survive 2. October 1609-March 1610 called The Starving Time 3. Natives provided food and water to settlement 4. Disease claimed many settlers lives Cannibalism in Jamestown

16. d. The reasons behind Jamestown’s hardships 1. Virginia Company was poorly managed 2. 1618 attempt at colonial government by Sir Edwin Sandys (treasurer) 3. House of Burgess established House of Burgesses

17. 4. Too little, too late i. Situation in colony does not improve, so King James dissolved Virginia Company (charter) makes Jamestown a royal colony

18. Virginia Charter 1609

19. 5. Settlers expectations too high for colony. i. Many wanted immediate wealth, especially at the cost of others 6. John Smith (leader) eventually mandates work will be performed by every survivor

20. Edwin Sandys John Smith

21. e. Relations between Native Americans and the English 1. An uneasy alliance is formed between English and Native Americans 2. Trading occurred, but was sometimes violent i. Lack of cultural understanding causes many issues

22. 3. March 1622-Jamestown attacked by Opechanconough [oh-pech-uh n-kah- noh]-was partially successful i. Many natives and settlers killed in subsequent attacks 4. Eventually, Native Americans agreed to turn over land to the English i. Many leave Chesapeake region

23. Opechanconough

24. IV.The tobacco colony a. Savior of the colony-tobacco 1. John Rolfe was instrumental in the English trade 2. Tobacco became foundation of Jamestown colony – eventually Maryland

25. John Rolfe Pocahontas

26. b. Indentured servants supply labor 1. This was the main source of labor in the early colony 2. Many were promised land after their indenture, i. few lived to collect ii. Best land was already taken iii. Cost of establishing farms or plantations was high

28. c. Bacon’s Rebellion 1. 1600’s life expectancy low and life was extremely hard 2. Colonists adapt over time, driving Native Americans farther to the West 3. Governor/government catered to the wealthy plantation owners needs, leaving Western frontier in peril.

29. 4. Nathaniel Bacon (1676) small-time planter takes matters into his own hands i. Used unauthorized force to drive the Native Americans even farther West. ii. Governor used force to try and stop the rebellion iii. Bacon and his followers attacked Jamestown iv. Bacon’s unexpected death ended the rebellion

30. Nathaniel Bacon

31. 5. Control of Virginia and Maryland remained in the hands of wealthy planters i. Wealthy planters decided that slaves were more trustworthy than indentured servants (who had participated in the rebellion) ii. Chesapeake Bay area – moved from Native American stronghold to wealthy plantations Bacon's Rebellion