2. Just Do It! How did World War I help pave the road to World War II? (Have your Propaganda work out on your desk - we will look at that after notes)

3. R.I.P. Frank Buckles February 1, 1901 – February 27, 2011

8. Effects of War Boundaries of European nations were redrawn  Old Empires disappeared – Russia, Ottoman, German, Austria-Hungary  New nations emerged – Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia (Russia), Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia (Austria-Hungary), Poland (Germany, Russia) Aristocratic politics were now a thing of the past  Czar was gone in Russia, Kaiser gone in Germany, Emperor gone in Austria After 4 years of fighting, European governments were nearly bankrupt

9. Casualties Approx. 65 million soldiers fought in the war  9.7 million soldiers killed  21 million wounded (30 million total casualties)  117,465 US Deaths  205,690 US Wounded  12 million civilians casualties (disease, starvation)  Flu Pandemic (1918-19) 20-40 million dead worldwide

10. Peace of Paris January 1919, delegates from 27 nations gathered to create peace treaties  Germany was not invited

11. “The Big Four” Georges Clemenceau - France Woodrow Wilson - U.S. Vittorio Orlando - Italy David Lloyd George - Britain

12. Peace of Paris January 1919, delegates from 27 nations gathered to create peace treaties  Germany was not invited The “Big Four” made most of the decisions Wilson was idealistic; others were nationalistic  (remember how nationalism caused the war?)  14 Points

13. Wilson's shorthand notes for the "Fourteen Points" speech.

14. Peace of Paris January 1919, delegates from 27 nations gathered to create peace treaties  Germany was not invited The “Big Four” made most of the decisions:  US – Woodrow Wilson  Great Britain - David Lloyd George  France - Georges Clemenceau  Italy – Vittorio Orlando Wilson was idealistic; others were nationalistic  (remember how nationalism caused war?)

15. Treaty of Versailles “War Guilt” – Germany was to blame for war; gave Austria “blank check” to start war Germans to pay $31 billion reparations (amounted to 38% of its national wealth) 100,000 man army  banned draft & manufacturing of major weapons “Mandates”  Lost land to France (Alsace-Lorraine), Poland (Polish Corridor), overseas colonies (Africa to France/Britain; Pacific islands to Australia, New Zealand, Japan)

16. Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced to give away 13% of its territory

18. Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced to give away 13% of its territory This meant the loss of:  6 million people  65% of iron ore reserves  45% of coal  72% of zinc  10% of factories Germany was financially ruined  Versailles left Germany bitter…

19. Treaty of Versailles US Senate had to ratify the treaty  reservationist vs. irreconcilable vs. internationalist  Wilson lost political fight with Republicans  US never joined League of Nations Some thought the treaty was too lenient  "This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for twenty years.“ – Marshall Foch Some thought it was too harsh…

22. In Flanders Fields – J. McCrae In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved, and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields.

23. Letter from the Front "My own beloved wife... I do not know how to start this letter. The circumstances are different from any under which I ever wrote before... We are going over the top this afternoon and only God in Heaven knows who will come out of it alive... If I am called my regret is that I leave you and my bairns... Oh! How I love you all and as I sit here waiting I wonder what you are doing at home. I must not do that. It is hard enough sitting waiting. Goodbye, you best of women and best of wives, my beloved sweetheart... Eternal love from yours for evermore, Jim xxxxxxxx" (Sergeant Major James Milne survived and was later reunited with his family) "My dear father... It is a strange feeling to me but a very real one, that every letter now that I write home to you or to the little sisters may be the last that I shall write or you read. I do not want you to think that I am depressed; indeed on the contrary I am very cheerful. But out here, in odd moments the realisation comes to me of how close death is to us... With my dear love. Pray for me. Your son, Frank" (Lance Corporal Frank Earley was killed the day after writing this letter aged 19)