1. QUESTION OF THE DAY What do you know about Islam? 5 minutes to discuss
Unit 2: 600 – 1450 CE
QUESTION OF THE DAY
What do you know about Islam?
5 minutes to discuss

2. The Rise of Islam
The barren wastelands of the Arabian Peninsula witnessed the development of a belief system that has evolved into a political system, a religions, and an economic system:
Dar al-Islam = House of Islam
Founder = Muhammad 600 CE
Followers = Muslim
Faith = 5 Pillars of Islam
Types = Sunni and Shi’ite
Spread = India, Southeast Asia, and Africa

3. Muhammad Born in Mecca (religious and commercial center) in 570 CE
610 Muhammad has a “revelation” – archangel Gabriel comes to him and tells him that there is one god; Allah
Not accepted so he and his followers fled to Medina
Able to be prophet of new faith in peace
Organized his followers into groups called UMMA
629 they went back to Mecca on a pilgrimage or HAJJ
632 go back to Mecca on another HAJJ
632 Muhammad dies without appointing a successor

4. The Teachings Muslim = One who submits
5 Pillars must be followed by all Muslims
Faith – “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet”
Prayer – Must pray 5 times per day facing Mecca
Fasting – cannot eat from dawn until dusk during the month of Ramadan
Alms – “giving” must pay the ZAKAT for the needy
The Hajj – At least once in a followers life they must make a pilgrimage to Mecca
COMPILED INTO THE QURAN IN 650 CE AND HAVE TO FOLLOW THE SHIRIA (MORAL LAW)

6. Split of Islam Abu-Bakr was chosen as Muhammad's successor or CALIPH
Uthman the Umayyad was appointed his successor then he was assassinated
Ali (son–in-law of Muhammad) was his successor, but caused controversy because he was not a blood relative of Muhammad and he was assassinated in 661
Shi’ite – believed the CALIPH should be a direct member of Muhammad's family
Sunni – (largest group) thought the CALIPH should be chosen by the UMMA (Muslim community)

7. Expansion Islam spread by military conquest in Asia and Africa
1 year after Muhammad’s death the Arabian Peninsula was Islamic
651 Persia conquered and turned Muslim
7th century Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Egypt converted
8th century Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, NW India, Spain and Portugal converted
Early conquerors were concerned with the extension of power.

9. Umayyad Caliph
661 the Umayyad Family came to power in the Islamic World
Emphasized Arabic ethnicity over expansion
Inferior status assigned to Islam
Respect for Jews and Christian as “People of the Book”
Luxurious living for ruling families
Overthrown by the Abbasid Dynasty in 750
The family was killed except for one member who escaped to Spain and established the Caliphate of Cordoba

11. Al-Andalus Spain was conquered in 711 by the Berbers of North Africa
Stopped 200 miles south of Paris at the Battle of Tours
The Caliphate of Cordoba boasted libraries and free education
Arabic words such as sofa, algebra, and alcohol incorporated into Spanish
Muslim architecture added to Spain

12. Islam in India and Southeast Asia
12th century Muslims conquered the Indus Valley
Centered government in Delhi
Delhi Sultanate controlled India from 1206 – 1526
Was not popular with Hindu India because of monotheism
In Southeast Asia spread from commercial contacts rather than military
8th century Muslim traders reached India
Popular on the islands of Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka)
Buddhism remained predominant

14. Islam in Africa
Spirit of Jihad (holy war) brought Islam to Africa in 8th century
10th century Egypt became Islamic
10th century Kingdom of Ghana converted
13th century conversion of Kingdom of Mali
Rulers accepted Islam but common people remained polytheistic
East African cities of Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Kilwa became vibrant centers of Islam
Did not find success in the interior of Africa mainly because African women enjoyed freedoms.

16. The Mamluk Dynasty
Islamic capitol of Baghdad was destroyed by the Mongols in 1258
The Mamluks made Egypt the center of Islam
Ruled during the 14th and 15th century until the Ottoman Turks took over in the 16th century

17. The Role of Women in Islamic Society
Early women had more rights than those in other monotheistic religions
Men could have 4 wives / women only 1 husband
Both men and women were equal before Allah
Later women were secluded from public life to be kept out of the gaze of men

18. Islam and Slavery Forbidden to enslave followers of Islam
Known to free slaves especially if they converted
Children born to slave women were considered free