1. Bell Ringer#1 Locate the following: a. The Netherlands are located east of ____ and within the borders of ____. *Use Chapter 14, Section 1!

2. EUROPE IN CRISIS: THE WARS OF RELIGION Chapter 14 Sec 1

3. France 1560- Calvinism and Catholicism were militant (combative)  Win converts  Eliminate other’s authority Huguenots (HYOO guh NAWTS) - French Protestants  7% of total population  40-50% of the nobility  Powerful threat to the Crown (king) 1598- Edict of Nantes by King Henry IV  Catholicism became the official religion of France  Huguenots gained freedom to worship and kept political rights

4. Spain 1556-1598- King Phillip II  Supporter of militant Catholicism  Wanted to unify Spanish territory in Spain, the Netherlands, Italy, and the Americas  Each nation/territory resisted the Spanish control  Many refused to convert to Catholicism  Spain went bankrupt due to military spending  Out-of-date military  Inefficient government

5. England 1558- Queen Elizabeth I  England became the leader of the Protestant nations of Europe  Act of Supremacy- Supreme leader of the church and government  Moderate Protestantism Kept Protestants and Catholics happy  Attempted to balance the power between France and Spain  If one nation seemed to gain power, England would support the weaker nation  1588- Phillip II of Spain ordered an armada (fleet of warships) to invade England  Lost battles against the English fleet  Many ships sank off the coast of Ireland and Scotland due to storms

6. Label major European countries and color code them by individual religion. 1. Label your map “European Religions Circa 1560” 2. Using the maps on page RA10, 431 & 432 of your text, label the following countries (use black or standard pencil): Spain, France, England, Italy (Italian States) 3. Using the map on page 431, label the Netherlands. 4. And, OUTLINE & label the Holy Roman Empire Boundary in RED. 5. Make a legend for the following countries in the white space. 1. Catholic- Yellow 2. Lutheran- Orange 3. Calvinist-Blue 4. Anglican- Green

8. Bell Ringer#2 How did the invention of gunpowder change the way wars were fought? Define the following: a. Divine Right of Kings- *Use Chapter 14, Section 2!

9. SOCIAL CRISIS, WAR, AND REVOLUTION Chapter 14 Sec 2

10. The Thirty Years War 1555- Peace of Augsburg  Allowed Germans to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism  Did not include Calvinism (newest form of Protestantism) 1618- Began in the Holy Roman Empire  Started as a religious war  Germany v. HRE  Soon became political  Denmark, Sweden, France, and Spain joined

11. The Thirty Years War All fighting took place in Germany France emerged as the dominant European nation 1648- War ended  Freedom of religion in Germany  Holy Roman Empire is dissolved  Over 300 states were recognized as independent nations

12. Revolutions in England 1603- King James I (Elizabeth I’s cousin)  Divine Right of Kings- kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God  Parliament- group of representatives of English citizens  King/Queen and Parliament ruled together

13. Revolutions in England 1688- William and Mary  Glorious Revolution  English Bill of Rights Parliament’s right to make laws, impose taxes, and declare war Citizens rights to keep arms and trial by jury Government based on rule of law (everyone must obey the law) and constitutional monarchy (king is head of country but laws are made by parliament) Destroys the divine right theory

14. Bell Ringer#3 Define the following: a. Absolutism- Identify the following: a. Thomas Hobbes- b. John Locke- *Use Chapter 14, Section 3-4!

15. RESPONSE TO CRISIS: ABSOLUTISM AND THE WORLD OF EUROPEAN CULTURE Chapter 14 Sec 3-4(ish) & Not in Textbook

16. Response to Crisis Absolutism- political system where a ruler has total power  Monarchs gained strength  Divine right of kings  Tremendous power  Caused by the weakening of the church during the Renaissance and Reformation Louis XIV of France Frederick William the Great Elector of Prussia Peter the Great of Russia

17. Four Theories of Government 4 theories of government emerged due to Absolutism  Force Theory  Evolutionary Theory  Divine Right Theory  Social Contract Theory

18. Force Theory A person or a small group claimed control over land and forced all within to submit to his/their rule  Citizens don’t have a choice

19. Evolutionary Theory State developed naturally out of early family dynamics.  “Head” of the family was the first stage of political development

20. Divine Right Theory Theory that God created the state and that God gave those of “royal birth” the right to rule.  Monarchy  Dictatorship

21. Social Contract Theory An agreement or contract between the people and the government.

22. Social Contract Theory Thomas Hobbs- 1651  People give up their right to be governed  The government will protect people’s rights  Absolute government- preserve order in society John Locke- 1690  Natural Rights- Life, Liberty, and Property  Inalienable- cannot be taken away by the government  The government protects the people’s rights and the people act reasonably toward the government  If the government does not hold up its end of the deal, the people will have the right to overthrow the government  Inspired the American Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution

23. Theories of Government Practice Write a short story for each theory of government that accurately demonstrates the theory. 25 points each No less than 5 sentences each Should have a beginning and an end

24. Example: John and Mari were best friends for several years. They started dating when the were sophomores in high school and attended college together. After college, they moved to Podunk, USA and started a beef cattle farm. Their closest neighbor was 25 miles away. However, as time passed and John and Mari were now in their 50s, the town had grown to 25 families. The families regarded John as it’s community leader because he was the first person to live there and he was the oldest. They always turned to him in times of need and crisis (such as a drought).