1. Storms

2. Storms A storm is a violent disturbance in the atmosphere
4 major types of storms:
Thunderstorms
Tornadoes
Hurricanes
Snowstorms
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies weather and tries to predict it

3. Thunderstorms
A thunderstorm is a small storm often accompanied by heavy precipitation and frequent thunder and lightning.
Form in large cumulonimbus clouds (also called thunderheads) on hot, humid afternoons

4. Thunderstorms
Warm, humid air rises rapidly and the air cools, forming dense thunderhead clouds
Heavy rain falls, sometimes along with hail
Within the thunderhead cloud there are strong updrafts and downdrafts

5. Lightning Lightning is a sudden spark, or electrical discharge
Positive and negative charges jump between parts of a cloud, or between nearby clouds, or between a cloud and the ground

7. Thunderstorms Lightning heats the air to 30,000oC
Thunder is the sound of the rapidly heated air expanding suddenly and explosively
Since light travels faster than sound we see lightning before we hear thunder

8. Calculating Lightning Distances
1. Watch the sky for a flash of lightning.
2. Count the number of seconds until you hear thunder.
3. Divide the number of seconds by 5 to calculate the distance the storm is away from your location in miles (or divide by 3 for kilometers).
Practice: If you counted 20 seconds from when you saw the lightning until you heard thunder, how far away was the lightning strike?
4 miles
Divide Number of Seconds by 3 for Distance in Km or 5 for Distance in Miles.

9. Lightning Strikes in the U.S.
This map shows how often lightning strikes different parts of the lower 48 states. Central Florida has the most intense concentration of cloud-to-ground lightning because it has a lot of warm, humid air. The Pacific Northwest has almost no lightning.

10. Thunderstorm Safety Go INSIDE!
Do NOT touch anything that can conduct electricity-especially metal objects and bodies of water
Crouch down in a low area. Avoid trees!

11. Tornadoes
A tornado is a rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm cloud to touch Earth’s surface

12. Tornado Formation
Warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of a cumulonimbus cloud and moves upward
A low pressure area forms inside the cloud
Warm air rotates as it meets winds blowing in different directions at different altitudes
Part of the cloud descends to
the earth in a funnel

13. 5 states that cross Tornado Alley are:
Tornado Alley is an area of the United States that has a high frequency of tornadoes because cold, dry air moves south from Canada to meet warm, humid air from the Gulf of Mexico
5 states that cross Tornado Alley are:
Texas
Oklahoma
Kansas
Nebraska
Iowa

14. The Fujita Tornado Damage Scale
Tornadoes are ranked on the Fujita scale by the amount of damage they cause.

15. Tornado Safety
A tornado watch is an announcement that tornadoes are possible in your area. Stay tuned to the radio or television news.
A tornado warning is an announcement that a tornado has been sighted. Take shelter immediately!
The safest place to be during a tornado is in a storm shelter or the basement of a well-built building.

16. Hurricanes
A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that has winds of 119 km/h or higher
Hurricanes form in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans
In the western Pacific Ocean, hurricanes are called typhoons
A hurricane begins over warm ocean water as a low-pressure area, or tropical disturbance.
A hurricane draws its energy from the warm, humid air at the ocean’s surface
As the air rises and forms clouds, more air is drawn into the system
Inside the storm are bands of very high winds and heavy rains
Winds spiral inward toward the area of lowest pressure at the center

17. Hurricane Names
Hurricanes are given names to help us identify them and track them as they move across the ocean
Men and women's names are used
One name for each letter of the alphabet except Q, U, and Z
World Meteorological Organization uses six lists in rotation
The only time a new name is added is if a hurricane is very deadly or costly
If that happens then the name is retired and a new name is chosen.

18. 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Arthur Bertha Cristobal Dolly Edouard Fay Gustav Hanna Ike Josephine Kyle Laura Marco Nana Omar Paloma Rene Sally Teddy Vicky Wilfred
Ana Bill Claudette Danny Erika Fred Grace Henri Ida Joaquin Kate Larry Mindy Nicholas Odette Peter Rose Sam Teresa Victor Wanda
Alex Bonnie Colin Danielle Earl Fiona Gaston Hermine Igor Julia Karl Lisa Matthew Nicole Otto Paula Richard Shary Tomas Virginie Walter
Arlene Bret Cindy Don Emily Franklin Gert Harvey Irene Jose Katia Lee Maria Nate Ophelia Philippe Rina Sean Tammy Vince Whitney
Alberto Beryl Chris Debby Ernesto Florence Gordon Helene Isaac Joyce Kirk Leslie Michael Nadine Oscar Patty Rafael Sandy Tony Valerie William
Andrea Barry Chantal Dorian Erin Fernand Gabrielle Humberto Ingrid Jerry Karen Lorenzo Melissa Nestor Olga Pablo Rebekah Sebastien Tanya Van Wendy

19. Hurricane Formation

20. Hurricanes
Hurricanes last longer than other storms, usually a week or more
After a hurricane passes over land, it no longer has warm, moist air to draw energy from so it loses strength
A storm surge is a “dome” of water that sweeps across the coast where a hurricane lands
For safety during a hurricane, people are told to evacuate
Evacuate means to leave the area immediately
                                                             

21. Snowstorms All year round, most precipitation begins in clouds as snow
In California, snowstorms generally occur only at high elevations (i.e. Mt. Shasta or Sierra Nevada)

22. The Danger of Snowstorms
High winds during a snow storm can reduce visibility
Strong winds can also cool a person’s body very rapidly
Roads & doorways
can be blocked

23. Quick Review Name the 4 main types of storms.
thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, & snowstorms
2. How do you calculate lightning distance?
Divide the number of seconds between lightning & thunder arrival by 5 to calculate the distance away in miles (or divide by 3 for kilometers).
3. Name 2 ways to be safe during a thunderstorm.
Go inside, do not touch anything that can conduct electricity, crouch down in a low area, avoid trees.
4. What speed does a tropical storm need to reach to be considered a hurricane?
119 km/hr (73 miles/hour)