1. Mathematics of Chemical Formulas Chapter 8 P 175-195

2. Stoichiometry Stoichiometry-Is the study of the quantitative relationships that can be derived from chemical formulas and from chemical equations.

3. Formula mass Formula mass- Of a substance is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms represented by the formula of the substance. This may be formula of an element, a molecular compound or ionic compound

4. Molecular Mass Molecular Mass-Is the formula mass of a molecular substance

5. Gram atomic mass Gram atomic mass -Of an element is that quantity of the element that has a mass in grams numerically equal to its atomic mass. Therefore 16 grams of oxygen is 1 gram atomic mass of oxygen AKA gram-atom

6. Gram formula mass Gram formula mass is the quantity of a substance that has a mass in grams numerically equal to its formula mass. Since the formula mass of water is 18 u the gram formula mass of water is 18 grams

7. Gram molecular mass Gram molecular mass = gram formula mass in working with molecules

8. Mole Mole-aka mol is the number of atoms in 1 gram atomic mass of an element. This number is 6.02 X 10 23. This can refer to 6.02 X 10 23 of anything

9. Mole Relationships N atoms (6.02 X 10 23 atoms) in 1 gram atomic mass of an element. There are N molecules (6.02 X10 23 ) molecules in 1 gram molecular mass of every molecular substanc N formula units in 1 gram formula mass of any substance

10. Mole Relationships One mole of some common substances for example: Aluminum 1 mole 1 gram atomic mass 27 grams 6.02 X 10 23 atoms

11. Mole Relationships One mole of some common substances for example: Oxygen 1 mole 1 gram formula mass 32 grams 6.02 X 10 23 molecules

12. Mole relationships Water 1 mole 1 gram formula mass 18 grams 6.02 X 10 23 molecules

13. Moles and Formula Units Mole of a particular substance is 6.02 X 10 23 formula units of the substance because a molecule of a molecular substance and a formula unit of a molecular substance is the same thing.

14. Mole Relationships 3 Conversion Factors Conversion Factor 1 : The number of particles in 1 mole. Used for converting between number of particles and moles. 6.02 X 10 23 particles 1 mole 1 mole Or invert numbers

15. STP Standard temperature and Pressure such as 0 o C and 1 Atmosphere or 760 mm of Hg or 101.3 KPa

16. Conversion factor 2: The Molar volume at STP. Used for converting between volume of a gas sample and moles. 22.4 dm 3 1 Mole/ 1 Mole or invert as 22.4 dm 3 1 Mole or invert as 22.4 dm 3

17. Conversion Factor 3: The gram atomic or gram formula mass. Used for converting between mass in grams and moles. Gram atomic or formula mass/ 1 mole Or invert that relationship