1. Three-component model of anxiety Anxiety Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder Panic attacks Phobias Post-traumatic stress disorder Obsessive-compulive disorder

2. Neurotransmitters responsible for anxiety response: GABA Norepinephrine Corticotropin-releasing factor

3. Early Experience and Stress

5. Dose-dependent effects of CNS depressants on levels of consciousness

6. Treating anxiety disorders Anxiolytics – drugs that reduce anxiety Barbiturates (nembutal – pentobarbital) Benzodiazepines (valium – diazepam, rohypnol) Alcohol

7. Barbiturates –Acute effects Relieves anxiety Produces sleep/anesthesia Loss of judgment etc. High when injected –Chronic effects Increase liver enzymes Rebound excitability effect similar to alcohol

8. 17.9 Margin of safety

9. Benzodiazepine –Acute effects Relieves anxiety Less loss of judgment etc. Muscle relaxant –Chronic effects Do NOT increase liver enzymes

10. Drug effects on locus coeruleus cell firing