1. Electronic Structure

2. Electron Configuration A description of the electrons in an atom

3. Orbital The space in which the electrons (e - ) are likely to be found Max 2 e - per orbital

4. Rule of Electron configuration Number: energy level (row #) Letter: energy sublevel (area) Superscript: # of e - in sublevel d electrons: 1 level < row # f electrons: 2 levels < row # Show all filled sublevels

5. Energy Levels Corresponds to row # 1 - 7 Related to size

7. Energy Sublevels Corresponds to an area on the periodic table = nodes in orbitals s, p, d, f

9. s - electrons Columns 1A & 2A Spherical orbitals

11. p - electrons Col. 3A - 8A or 13 - 18 Dumbbell shaped orbital 3 orbitals per sublevel 1 node

12. d - electrons Cols 3B - 2B or 3 - 12 Transition area (2 nodes) Double dumbbell shaped 5 orbitals in sublevel

14. f - electrons Lower removed area Triple dumbbell shaped 7 orbitals per sublevel 3 nodes

16. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

17. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

18. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

19. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

20. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

21. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

22. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

23. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

24. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

25. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

26. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

27. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

28. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

29. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

30. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

31. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

32. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

33. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

34. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

35. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

36. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

37. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

38. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

39. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

40. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

41. Ground State All electrons are in their lowest possible energy state

42. Excited State One or more electrons are not in their lowest possible energy state

44. Degenerate Orbitals Orbitals at the same energy level

45. List, describe, & identify the area of the Periodic Table for each type of orbital.

46. Write the ECs for: Ne Rb Tc As

47. Write the ECs for: Si Ag Br -1 Fe +2

48. Write the ECs for: Zn Au Al +3 Fe +3

49. Electron Dot Diagram Represents the valence electrons in an atom Maximum 4 pairs drawn on an imaginary square around the symbol

50. Valence Electrons Electrons in the outer most energy level Electrons involved in chemical reactions

51. Draw the electron configuration for Uranium

52. Octet Rule 8 electrons in the outer level is stable elements attempt to get eight electrons in their outer level

53. Column 1A 1s 1, 2s 1, 3s 1, etc Na

54. Column 2A 1s 2, 2s 2, 3s 2, etc Mg

55. Column 3A 2s 2 2p 1,3s 2 3p 1, etc Al

56. Column 4A 2s 2 2p 2, 3s 2 3p 2, etc C

57. Column 5A 2s 2 2p 3, 3s 2 3p 3, etc N

58. Column 6A 2s 2 2p 4 3s 2 3p 4, etc O

59. Column 7A 2s 2 2p 5 3s 2 3p 5, etc Cl

60. Column 8A 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6, etc Ne

61. EC for Transition El. 4s 2 3d 1 4s 2 3d 6 4s 2 3d 2 4s 2 3d 7 4s 2 3d 3 4s 2 3d 8 4s 1 3d 5 4s 1 3d 10 4s 2 3d 5 4s 2 3d 10

62. Chromium & Copper Are Kinky

63. Transition Dot Diagrams Kinky ones have a single All the rest have a pair

64. Inner Transition Dot Diagrams All have a pair

65. HW: Problems 53 – 56 on page 171

66. Write ECs & EDDs for: S -16Cu -29 Sb -51Ca +2 -20

67. Quantum Numbers A more complete description of the electrons in an atom

68. Quantum Numbers n : Energy level(Row) l : Energy Sublevel m or m l : Orientation s or m s : Spin

69. Quantum Numbers n : Size l : Shape or nodes m or m l : Orientation s or m s : Spin

70. Quantum Numbers n : 1 ---> 7 l : 0 ---> ( n - 1) m : - l ---> + l s : + 1/2 or -1/2

71. Quantum Numbers Go from the lowest to highest possibilities: Start n with 1, start l with 0, etc.

72. Quantum Numbers H: (1,0,0,1/2) n = 1, l = 0, m = 0, s = 1/2 He: (1,0,0,-1/2) etc

73. Drill: Predict EC, QN & EDD for: Pb-82 Gd-64

74. Give QN, & EDD: Te-52I-53 Fe-26V-23 Pu-94Al-13 Sb-51Au-79

75. Oxidation State The charge or apparent charge of an element Oxidation numbers

76. Negative Ox # Always = column # - 8 Exceptions: only in apparent charges: peroxides, hydrocarbons

77. Positive Ox # = column # = unpaired electrons = s e - ---> s + d e - Apparent: singles & pairs

78. Drill: Determine EC, EDD, QN, Ox # of: Ba-56Pt-78 Cl-17Tb-65

79. Wave Formula v or c =  f c = speed of light = wavelength or f = frequency

80. Calculate the wavelength of your favorite radio station FM in MHz AM in kHz

81. Plank’s Formula E = hf = hc/ E = energy h = Plank’s Constant

82. Calculate the energy of a photon from your favorite radio station:

83. Calculate the energy of uv light at 221 nm:

84. DeBroglie’s Formula = h/mv

85. Calculate the wavelength of a 221 g baseball thrown at 15 m/s:

86. Calculate the energy and mass of a photon of IR light at 1.326  m:

87. Spectrum The unique set of waves absorbed or emitted by a substance

88. Absorption Spectrum The unique set of wavelengths absorbed by a substance Atomic Absorption Sp

89. Emission Spectrum The unique set of wavelengths emitted by a substance Atomic Emission Sp

90. Atomic Absorption Spectrum Dark-line Spectrum

91. Atomic Emission Spectrum Bright-line Spectrum

93. Spectroscopy The study of a substance under continuous excitation energy

94. Determine the electron configuration (EC) for each of the following: Mg, Sn, P, K, Cl, & V

95. Determine the EC for each of the following: Zr, He, Eu, Cr, U

96. Determine the EC for each of the following: Br -1, Kr, & Sr +2

97. Determine the electron dot diagram (EDD) for each of the following: Mg, Sn, P, K, Cl, & V

98. Determine the EC & EDD for each of the following: He, Mn, Eu, Cr, U

99. Determine the quantum numbers (QN) for each of the following: He, Mn, Eu, Cr, U

100. Determine the EC, EDD, & QN for each of the following: Mg, Sn, P, K, Cl, & V

101. Determine the oxidation state (OS) for each of the following: Mg, Sn, N, K, Cl, & V

102. Determine the EC, EDD, QN, & OS for elements: 21, 14, 29, & 64

103. With a UV,visible,IR spectrophotometer waves at 221 nm, 663 nm, & 2.21  m were detected when element X was excited. Calculate the energy differences among levels 1, 2, 3, & 4.

104. Excited sodium emits red light at 663 nm. Determine EC, EDD, QN, OS, & the energy of the light wave.

105. Chapter 3 General Define all the Key Terms on page 168

106. Wave Energies Work problems: 1 - 10 on page 169

107. EC Work problems: 39 -42 on page 170

108. Quantum Numbers Work problems: 21 - 32 on page 170