1. Drill: How many iron atoms are in 3.2 kg Fe 2 O 3 ?

2. Drill: Calculate the volume of O 2 at STP required to burn 6.00 g of C 2 H 6 :

3. Electronic Structure

4. Electron Configuration A description of the electrons in an atom

5. Orbital The space in which the electrons (e - ) are likely to be found Max 2 e - per orbital

6. Rule of Electron configuration Number: energy level (row #) Letter: energy sublevel (area) Superscript: # of e - in sublevel d electrons: 1 level < row # f electrons: 2 levels < row # Show all filled sublevels

7. Energy Levels Corresponds to row # 1 - 7 Related to size

9. Energy Sublevels Corresponds to an area on the periodic table = nodes in orbitals s, p, d, f

11. s - electrons Columns 1A & 2A Spherical orbitals

13. p - electrons Col. 3A - 8A or 13 - 18 Dumbbell shaped orbital 3 orbitals per sublevel 1 node

14. d - electrons Cols 3B - 2B or 3 - 12 Transition area (2 nodes) Double dumbbell shaped 5 orbitals in sublevel

16. f - electrons Lower removed area Triple dumbbell shaped 7 orbitals per sublevel 3 nodes

18. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

19. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

20. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

21. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

22. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

23. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

24. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

25. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

26. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

27. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

28. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

29. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

30. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

31. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

32. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

33. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

34. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

35. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

36. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

37. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

38. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

39. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

40. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

41. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

42. 5s - 4s - 3s - 2s - 1s - 5p - - - 4p - - - 3p - - - 2p - - - 4d - - - - - 3d - - - - -

43. Ground State All electrons are in their lowest possible energy state

44. Excited State One or more electrons are not in their lowest possible energy state

46. Degenerate Orbitals Orbitals at the same energy level

47. List, describe, & identify the area of the Periodic Table for each type of orbital.

48. Write the ECs for: Ne Rb Tc As

49. Homework: Work problems 33 & 34 on page 170.

50. Drill: Write the ECs for: SnPt I -1 Mn +2

51. Write the ECs for: ZnAu Al +3 Fe +3

52. AP Chm Homework: Work problems 31 – 40 on page 170

53. Electron Dot Diagram Represents the valence electrons in an atom Maximum 4 pairs drawn on an imaginary square around the symbol

54. Valence Electrons Electrons in the outer most energy level Electrons involved in chemical reactions

55. Octet Rule 8 electrons in the outer level is stable elements attempt to get eight electrons in their outer level

56. Column 1A 1s 1, 2s 1, 3s 1, etc Na

57. Column 2A 1s 2, 2s 2, 3s 2, etc Mg

58. Column 3A 2s 2 2p 1,3s 2 3p 1, etc Al

59. Column 4A 2s 2 2p 2, 3s 2 3p 2, etc C

60. Column 5A 2s 2 2p 3, 3s 2 3p 3, etc N

61. Column 6A 2s 2 2p 4 3s 2 3p 4, etc O

62. Column 7A 2s 2 2p 5 3s 2 3p 5, etc Cl

63. Column 8A 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6, etc Ne

64. EC for Transition El. 4s 2 3d 1 4s 2 3d 6 4s 2 3d 2 4s 2 3d 7 4s 2 3d 3 4s 2 3d 8 4s 1 3d 5 4s 1 3d 10 4s 2 3d 5 4s 2 3d 10

65. Chromium & Copper Are Kinky

66. Transition Dot Diagrams Kinky ones have a single All the rest have a pair

67. Inner Transition Dot Diagrams All have a pair

68. Drill: Draw the electron configuration for Uranium

69. HW: Problems 53 – 56 on page 171

70. Write ECs & EDDs for: S -16Cu -29 Sb -51Ca +2 -20

71. Quantum Numbers A more complete description of the electrons in an atom

72. Quantum Numbers n : Energy level(Row) l : Energy Sublevel m or m l : Orientation s or m s : Spin

73. Quantum Numbers n : Size l : Shape or nodes m or m l : Orientation s or m s : Spin

74. Quantum Numbers n : 1 ---> 7 l : 0 ---> ( n - 1) m : + l ---> - l s : + 1/2 or -1/2

75. Quantum Numbers Go from the lowest to highest possibilities: Start n with 1, start l with 0, etc.

76. Quantum Numbers H: (1,0,0,1/2) n = 1, l = 0, m = 0, s = 1/2 He: (1,0,0,-1/2) etc

77. Drill: Predict EC, QN & EDD for: Pb-82 Gd-64

78. Give QN, & EDD: Te-52I-53 Fe-26V-23 Pu-94Al-13 Sb-51Au-79

79. DRILL: Write EC, EDD, & QN for: Os-76 Bi-83

80. Oxidation State The charge or apparent charge of an element Oxidation numbers

81. Negative Ox # Always = column # - 8 Exceptions: only in apparent charges: peroxides, hydrocarbons

82. Positive Ox # = column # = unpaired electrons = s e - ---> s + d e - Apparent: singles & pairs

83. Determine EC, EDD, QN, Ox # of: SR-38Au-79 At-85Ho-67

84. Drill: Determine EC, EDD, QN, Ox # of: Ba-56Pt-78 Cl-17Tb-65

85. Wave Formula v or c =  f c = speed of light = wavelength or f = frequency

86. Calculate the wavelength of your favorite radio station FM in MHz AM in kHz

87. Plank’s Formula E = hf = hc/ E = energy h = Plank’s Constant

88. Calculate the energy of a photon from your favorite radio station:

89. Calculate the energy of uv light at 221 nm:

90. DeBroglie’s Formula = h/mv

91. Calculate the wavelength of a 221 g baseball thrown at 15 m/s:

92. Calculate the energy and mass of a photon of IR light at 1.326  m:

93. Spectrum The unique set of waves absorbed or emitted by a substance

94. Absorption Spectrum The unique set of wavelengths absorbed by a substance Atomic Absorption Sp

95. Emission Spectrum The unique set of wavelengths emitted by a substance Atomic Emission Sp

96. Atomic Absorption Spectrum Dark-line Spectrum

97. Atomic Emission Spectrum Bright-line Spectrum

99. Spectroscopy The study of a substance under continuous excitation energy

100. Drill: Determine EC, EDD, QN, & Ox # for each of the following: Mg, Sn, U, K, Cl, & V

101. Determine EC, EDD, QN, & Ox # for each of the following: Zr, He, Eu, & Cr

102. Determine EC, EDD, QN, & Ox # for each of the following: Br -1, Kr, & Sr +2

103. With a UV,visible,IR spectrophotometer waves at 221 nm, 663 nm, & 2.21  m were detected when element X was excited. Calculate the energy differences among levels 1, 2, 3, & 4.

104. Chapter 3 General Define all the Key Terms on page 168

105. Wave Energies Work problems: 1 - 10 on page 169

106. Determine the EC, EDD, QN & Ox # for each of the following: Mg, Sn, P, K, Cl, & V

107. EC Work problems: 39 -42 on page 170

108. Quantum Numbers Work problems: 21 - 32 on page 170

109. Determine the EC, EDD, QN, & OS for elements: 21, 14, 29, & 64

110. Excited sodium emits red light at 663 nm. Determine EC, EDD, QN, OS, & the energy of the light wave.