1. IEG Global Partnership Programs: Addressing the Challenge of Evaluation Christopher Gerrard Global Programs Coordinator, IEG-World Bank March 31, 2006 www.worldbank.org/ieg/gppp/

2. IEG Global Partnership Programs – An Important & Growing Line of Business What are Global Partnership Programs? Why are they growing? How important have they become? –The World Bank is involved in about 110 global programs and 40 regional programs, which together spent around $3 billion in FY05 What do we know about them? –UNDP, Office of Development Studies (1999, 2003, 2006) –UN Vision Project on Global Public Policy Networks (2000) –International Task Force on Global Public Goods (2005) –IEG Review of the Bank’s Involvement in Global Programs (2002, 2003, 2004)

3. IEG Bilateral Donors Are the Principal Partners at the Governance Level Donors participating in more than 15 programs

4. IEG Are Global Programs an Efficient Use of Scarce ODA? “Letting a thousand flowers bloom” in the 1990s provided opportunities to learn about using global programs to address the challenges of globalization But selectivity and oversight have been weak Most have been donor-driven Most are advocacy/technical assistance programs supporting national public goods – although global public goods programs still command the major share of expenditures Global-country linkages have been weak – and incentives to foster such linkages also weak The bottom line: Undermanaged partnerships pose significant reputational risks for program partners

5. IEG The Number of Global Program Evaluations Is Increasing There is also growing acceptance that evaluation and audit should be viewed as functions of the programs’ governing bodies But there is no agreed-upon methodology – either substance or process And so different donors, including the Bank, are acting on their own: –The Bank’s Development Grant Facility requires evaluations every 3-5 years –IEG is now including global programs in its regular evaluation and reporting practices –The Bank’s Quality Assurance Group (QAG) has initiated quality-at-entry reviews

6. IEG Many Evaluation Challenges Remain Programs vary in size, scope, duration, objectives, activities, complexity, and number of partners How to apply results-based evaluation methodologies to advocacy and technical assistance, as opposed to investment programs? How to aggregate country and global-level activities? What do relevance, efficacy, and efficiency mean in the context of global programs? What to do when programs do not have adequate internal monitoring processes to assess results? How to assess the quality and effectiveness of governance and management?

7. IEG A Common Set of Evaluation Principles Would Be Desirable Similar to the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance Governments are demanding accountability – if we don’t do this together, we will continue to do it separately The lack of agreed-upon principles – both substance and process – is hampering efforts to assess relevance, efficacy, and efficiency of programs And leading to over-evaluation and duplication in some cases Why should the Bank – by default – define what constitutes generally accepted principles for the evaluation of global programs?

8. IEG A Proposal To establish a working group, under the auspices of the DAC Evaluation Network To develop generally accepted principles for the evaluation of global programs – both substance and process A suggested membership, drawn from: –OECD members (including the OECD secretariat) –UN organizations –MDBs (including World Bank) –Foundations –Developing countries –Global programs (management)

9. IEG Background Slides

10. IEG What are global partnership programs? For the Bank, these are partnerships which: 1)Are global, regional or multi-country in scope 2)Commit Bank resources (financial, technical, staff, Bank name, or reputation) 3)Involve activities coordinated with one or more non- Bank entities 4)Are part of a formal relationship that aims to achieve development objectives over time. IEG evaluated the Bank’s involvement in global programs in two phases: –Phase 1 (2002): Portfolio review of the 70 programs then existing (2002) –Phase 2 (2004): In-depth analysis of 26 programs

11. IEG Why are global programs growing? Growing awareness of the need for collective action to provide global public goods –R&D on food crops and diseases of the poor –Mitigating & adapting to global climate change –Mitigating the spread of communicable diseases But also: –Dissatisfaction with traditional aid mechanisms –New actors, advocates, and constituencies –New ICT technologies for facilitating networks

12. IEG Other major reviews of global partnerships UNDP, Office of Development Studies: Global Public Goods (1999), Providing Global Public Goods (2003), and The New Public Finance (2006) U.N. Vision Project on Global Public Policy Networks (2000) IDS (Sussex) and Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, The Future of Development Financing (2004) International Task Force on Global Public Goods (2005)

13. IEG An important and growing line of business for the Bank The World Bank is involved in about 110 global programs and 40 regional programs, which together spent around $3 billion in FY05 About $1.9 billion from Bank-administered trust funds About $140 million from the Development Grant Facility (DGF) and $20 million from the Bank’s administrative budget Global programs also provide supplementary resources of about $100 million a year to the Bank’s administrative budget

14. IEG International organizations contribute legitimacy and expertise International orgs. participating in more than 6 programs

15. IEG Gates Foundation is bringing a corporate perspective to evaluation Foundations participating in more than 3 programs

16. IEG There are a few large and many small programs GFATM GEF CGIAR

17. IEG Most programs are advocacy/know- ledge/technical assistance programs

18. IEG Environment and Health have largest number of programs

19. IEG What is the World Bank Doing? Evaluation Selectivity & Oversight Governance, Management & Financing Strategy

20. IEG Strengthening selectivity & oversight Bank established a central unit in 2004 – the GPP Group in the CFP Vice-Presidency – which is: –Putting in place new business processes for global and regional programs. –Refining and overseeing the application of Bank-wide criteria for selectivity and oversight –Assisting thematic Networks and geographical Regions in program design, financing, and progress reporting –Clarifying roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities of Bank staff serving on global program boards

21. IEG Focusing on key strategic issues Proactively managing the proliferation of theme-driven advocacy/knowledge programs Forging better linkages between global programs and developing country priorities Seeking new sources of financing for GPG programs – beyond ODA allocations

22. IEG Working with partners to improve governance and management To strengthen shared accountability for results at the program level To enhance effective representation of developing countries on global program boards To develop and implement guidelines on conflicts of interest To view evaluation and audit as functions of the governing body, not program management