1. Second Industrial Revolution: la belle époque
European History

2. Image page 652

3. Science Triumphs: “Second” IR
SIGNIFICANCE:
1) Impact of ideas and products wide spread
2) Optimism in human progress
3) Science = only way to truth
New Products
Steel
Chemicals
Electricity
Petroleum

4. Steel
= lighter, smaller, faster machines, engines, ships, railways, and weapons
By 1910 America = #1 producer, Germany #2, GB #3

5. Chemicals France & Germany in lead
Alkalies & artificial dyes revolutionize soap, textile, paper industries
Photographic plates and film
Chemical fertilizers

7. Electricity Thermodynamics
Sig: impacts heat, light, motion & communication
Michael Faraday – electromagnetism (electric engine)
Thomas Edison (AM) & Joseph Swan (GB) - electric lighting
Alexander Graham Bell (AM) – telephone, 1876
Guglielmo Marconi – radio waves across Atlantic, 1901
Electric Streetcar – Berlin, 1879
Factories – conveyor belts, cranes, machines

9. Petroleum Internal combustion engine, 1878 (gas & air)
Gottlieb Daimler, 1886 – light engine
Automobile – 1900=9000 cars; 1916=750,000
Henry Ford (AM) & mass production
1900 Zeppelin airship
1903 Wright Brothers
WWI = boom in aircraft industry
1919 = 1st commercial aircraft

11. New Markets Increase in population growth Increase in wages (up 2/3)
Decrease in price of food and manufactured products
Gives rise to mass marketing & department stores (pg. 654)
Macy’s, NYC 1908
Bon Marche, Paris 1867

12. Tariffs & Cartels (pg. 653) Protective tariffs: What & why?
Cartels: What & why?

13. Larger Factories
Cartels = need for larger, more efficient factories (1000+ employees)
Germany 205,000 (1882) to 879,000 (1907)
Also GB, France & Belgium
Streamline production – use of electric machines, precision tools & assembly line

14. Industrial Leadership
GB passes the Industrial baton to _____________?
Why? (pg )

16. Economic Zones by 1900
Industrialized Zone = GB, Belgium, Germany, France, Netherlands, Austro-Hungarian Empire (West), Italy (North)
High standard of living, education, healthier, system of transportation
Agricultural Zone = Italy (south), Austro-Hungarian Empire (East), Spain, Portugal, Balkan kingdoms, Russia
Providers of raw materials and food
Decline in price of food makes farming difficult – large farms develop
By 1870 Russia and Japan begin industrialization
World economy = interdependency of goods & products