1. Plan for This week (8/30/05) and next (9/06/05) n Tuesday 8/30/05: -Complete perspectives and Ex Equip Evaluation Article -Begin Biomech considerations for ground-foot interfaces n Thursday 9/01/05: -Website homework due -Complete Biomech ground-foot interfaces -Read Ch 2 for next class and submit 2 questions n Tuesday 9/06/05 -Questions from Ch 2 due -Review Ch 2 and PowerPoint on Running and Court Shoes n Thursday 9/08/05 -Guest speaker on pedorthics: Eddie Olson and Johanna, Olson Shoe Shop in Aggieville

2. KIN 630 Assignment – Websearch for Equipment Innovation Due: Thursday, Sept 1, 2005 n I. Do an online web search using the search engine of your choice and locate a website that promotes and/or explains an exercise or sport equipment product (e.g., elliptical exerciser), product feature (e.g., adjustable resistance), or product innovation (e.g., interfaced to interne for interactive exercise prescription). n II Write a summary of the website and product below. The summary should include: n a. Site address. n b. Sponsor/author/origin of the site. n c. Briefly explain the product, product feature, or innovation and claims related to it. n d. Do the claims seem plausible and how skeptical are you regarding them? n e. Do you think the innovation will be well-received by the consumer? Why or why not? n f. What steps, or methods, would you use to more thoroughly evaluate the product innovation and so that you could make a more definite decision regarding recommending it to a friend or client? n g. What criteria would you use in evaluating the efficacy of the product?

3. Biomechanical Considerations for Foot-Ground Interfaces n Mechanical Aspects of foot-ground interfaces n Anatomical aspects of foot-ground interfaces n Question for next class: - What masters should a foot-ground interface serve, or what is (are) the functions of a foot-ground interface?

4. Mechanical Aspects n Friction ( Fig 1.1, p. 5) - depends on normal force and nature of surfaces n Ground reaction forces (GRF) - magnitude and rate of increase of vertical GRF are most important (round off the peaks) n Pressure (round off the peaks) n Weight of shoe – MOI n Stability

5. Coefficient of Sliding Friction

6. Force Plates – Measurement of ground reaction forces

7. Force Vectors on different parts of the foot:

8. GRF While Walking

9. GRF while Running

12. Foot pressures while walking:

13. Foot pressures while running

14. Other Mechanical Factors n Moment of Inertia (MOI) -With a shoe, MOI about knee or hip axis increases directly with weight n Stability is directional and can be increased by increasing shoe sole in direction of desired stability n Stability decreases with height of foot & Increases with distance from COM to edge of base of support

15. Anatomical Aspects n Foot structure n Foot misalignments n Leg and thigh misalignments (Fig 1.6, p.10) - Lateral deviations Valgus - segment goes outward from prox to distal Varus - segment goes inward from prox to distal Genu varus at knee - bowlegged - Torsional deviations - Tibial torsion - tibia rotated outward (toe out) femoral torsion - femur rotated in relative to tibia

16. Foot Bones

17. Foot misalignments

18. Subtalar Axis:

19. Types of foot arches – the “Wet test”

20. Foot Pronation and Tibial Torsion:

21. Tibial torsion

22. Rearfoot Movement During Running:

23. Plantar Fascium n What is the plantar fascium? - attaches to calcaneus posteriorly and to the first row of phalanges anteriorly n What is its function? -passive intertarsal stabilization

24. Arches of the Foot:

25. Plantar Fascium: Plantar fascitis is 4 th most common cause of pain among runners (1 st – knee pain, 2 nd – shin splints, 3 rd - achilles tendonitis)

28. Plantar Fascitis – 4 th leading cause of pain in runners n What causes plantar fascitis(inflamation of plantar fascium)? -anatomic anomalies microtears in fascium and bone spurs inadequate flexibility of plantar flexors inadequate strength of plantar flexors functional pronation (eversion and abduction) -overuse overweight poorly designed and poorly fitted shoes running and jumping on hard surfaces sudden increase in stress n Treatment -remove the cause(s) -Therapeutic treatment to promote body’s natural healing NSAIDS Intermittent ice and heat Ultrasound, diathermy, massage

30. Applications to shoe design n First, ask the question: What functional masters must the shoe/boot/skate serve -Friction? -Spread pressure over large area? -Force management? -Stability – which direction? -Protection from elements (e.g., cold, wet, rocks) -Other?

31. Assignment for next class -Read Chapter 2 of Kreighbaum book on running and court shoes -Submit 2 questions from your reading on running and court shoes that could be used as exam questions, or about concepts you don’t understand or want to know more about.