1. Lighting Key Lighting – the main light on the set – key lighting may be one or two lights (sometimes more) 45 degrees – lights are set at 45 degrees up from the X axis and 45 degrees out between the Y and Z axis. This creates “natural” light, that is, light that creates shadows as they are found outside during the day.

2. Lighting Fill Lighting – a secondary light that illuminates the subject from the side or that lights areas not lit by the key light Backlighting – lighting directed at the camera from the behind the subject creating a silhouette Highlighting – the use of extremely concentrated or fine light beams to accentuate certain parts of the body

3. Depth of Field Focus – the clarity and sharpness of an image Depth of Field – the varying range of distances from the camera at which an object remains in sharp focus Deep Focus – a technique that uses depth of field so subjects near the camera lens and far away have equal clarity

4. Depth of Field Shallow Focus – a technique that uses a shallow depth of field so only the subject is in focus Soft Focus – a subject is blurred or softened, slightly out of focus producing a dreamy, romantic effect, by using lens filters, special lenses, vaseline Roll in or Roll out – focus rolls from background to foreground or foreground to background

5. Transitions Cut – moving from one image or shot to another by editing (transition) Crosscutting – juxtaposing shots from two or more sequences, actions, or stories to suggest parallel action Flash Cutting – fragmented machine-gun bursts of images used to compress action

6. Transitions Fade Out / Fade In – a transitional device in which the last image of one scene fades to black as the first image of the next scene fades up from black Dissolve – superimposing a fade out onto a fade in of equal length, or by imposing one scene over another.

7. Transitions Iris Dissolve – where a fade out/fade in occurs in the form of a circle that grows smaller and then larger Wipe – a transitional device in which a new image is separated from the previous one by a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line that moves across the screen to push the old image off Scene – a unit of narration, a series of shots or of a single sequence that was shot in one location