1. Latin American Colonies
Latin America = Meso and South America. Areas in the Americas that speak mostly Latin-based languages like Spanish and Portuguese.

2. European Explorations
Glory, God, & Gold

3. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony!
Explorers
Conquistadores
Official European Colony!
Missionaries
Permanent Settlers

4. Be certain you understand the “Viceroy” system of governing Latin America – Viceroys ruled a viceroyalty in the name of the king and under his direct control.

5. Three Types of Colonies
Differences resulting from economic basis
Slave plantation economies – Caribbean, Brazil, some in southern North America
Settler agricultural economies – Northern North America
Ranching/mining economies – former Aztec and Inca lands

6. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves

7. Ethnic Composition in Colonial Latin America (1825)
Spanish America Brazil European 18.2% 23.4% Mixed-race 28.3% 17.8% African 11.9% 49.8% Native American 41.7% 9.1%

8. Destination of Slaves in 1700s
British North America 6% (348,000) Spanish America 10% (578,600) Caribbean 53% (3, 233,700) Brazil 31% (1,891,400)

9. Class/Gov’t Structure
Spanish born = most elite
Wealthy colonials = powerful
Large, intrusive gov’t bureaucracy = Council of the Indies
Influences of Africans, Amerindians, and Europe blended to form new cultures = syncretism!
Little female immigration = more fluid social classes! (b/c European men marry & have children with Amerindian women)

10. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Guadalajara Cathedral
Spanish Mission

11. Catholic influence = extremely strong
Richest institution in Latin Am.
Undercurrents of native religions remained

12. Father Bartolome de Las Casas
New Laws --> 1542
Attempted to stop the exploitation of Indians

13. Potosi silver mine, Bolivia
Encomienda/Mita labor systems used to force extraction
Silver shipped through Spanish Philippines to purchase Asian luxury goods—Spanish Monarchy tried to stop that practice…why?
Silver results in inflation in Spain & economic decline in Ming China, which collected all taxes in silver

14. Silver Peso
Standard World currency

15. Treasures from the Americas!

16. Examples of Native American & Slave Resistance
In many areas, Amerindians secretly kept up their own religious practices
Maya areas were persecuted by the Catholic viceroy after a cave of their gods was found
Incas attempted to preserve the mummies of their emperors. These also were destroyed
Armed rebellions
- Palmares, a small independent state of escaped-slaves