1. Beginnings to 1800 1.1 The First Migration: Ice Age Travelers
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The First Migration: Ice Age Travelers
Ice Age hunters crossed Bering land bridge
By 1490s, American Indians living all over N America
Native Americans were here in 15th century before Europeans arrived
Native Americans were already living in diverse societies before Europeans showed up
Many cultures still remain today
Crossed from Siberia to Alaska; established themselves in diverse societies across 8 different regions

2. Route of Ice Age hunters

3. Beginnings to 1800 1.1 The Europeans Arrive: the Explorers
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The Europeans Arrive: the Explorers
Spanish and French explorers in 15th and 16th cen.
Letters, journals, books described “New World”:
Abundant resources
Peacefulness and hospitality of inhabitants
Promise of unlimited wealth
Cabeza de Vaca – Narrative (journal)
Not just adventure in the New world, but story of transformation
De Vaca’s crew landed in Florida and wandered for 8 years. His narrative account describes their journey and the people they met.

4. Puritan Headlines A recent Google search found:
Idle Hands: Some Puritan Advice for the Unemployed.
New puritans gang up with old-style snobs.
Puritan's rants cost him his freedom - and his ears
Snickers, sin, and salvation: the Puritan themes of TV's 'The Biggest Loser'.
Tosa church service returns to Puritan era
Jobs in America: Puritan values must replace MBA values.
These Witches Aren't in Puritan New England Anymore.
'It was the white heat of showbusiness, but it was a Puritan lifestyle, working 70, 80 hours a week'
Americans reveal their Puritan roots whether it's in business, sex or war
Separating the Pilgrims From the Puritans.
Do you notice any common themes??

5. Beginnings to 1800 - Plain style
1.2
Beginnings to Plain style
A way of writing that stresses simplicity and clarity of expression.
No metaphors, no allusions, no imagery
Very straightforward, simple, direct
Mimicked Puritan worship style

6. from Of Plymouth Plantation
1.2
from Of Plymouth Plantation
William Bradford
Farmer’s son from Yorkshire, England
Became Colonial governor in America
A man of “more than ordinary piety, wisdom, and courage”
– Cotton Mather
Manuscript still exists today, held in Boston
Not to attract, but to inspire others to carry Puritan ideal

7. What’s the difference? What is Plain Style?
This is plain style: “They began now to gather in the small harvest they had, and to fit up their houses and dwellings against winter, being all well recovered in health and strength and had all things in good and plenty.” (Of Plymouth Plantation, William Bradford)
This is NOT plain style: “First, for the incomprehensibleness of God, the understanding of man hath a limited, a determined latitude; it is an intelligence able to move that sphere which it is fixed to, but could not move a greater: I can comprehend naturam naturatam, created nature, but for that natura naturans, God himself, the understanding of man cannot comprehend.” (John Donne)
What’s the difference?

8. from Of Plymouth Plantation
Pg. 31: “But that which was most sad and lamentable was, that in two or three months’ time half of their company died, especially in January and February, being the depth of winter, and wanting houses and other comports; being infected with the scurvy and other diseases which this long voyage and their inaccommodate condition had brought upon them. So as there died sometimes two or three of a day in the foresaid time, that of 100 and odd persons, scarce fifty remained.”
What adjectives does Bradford use to describe the starving time?
How does this matter-of-fact style affect readers?
With a partner, rewrite this passage from a different POV.

9. Beginnings to 1800 1.2 The Puritan Legacy
More influential than explorers’ writings
Shaped American character
Moral
Ethical
Religious convictions
1620 landed on Cape Cod, ,000+ in New England
New society in N. Amer. was a business venture as much as spiritual

10. Beginnings to 1800 1.2 Who were These Puritans?
Broad term – Protestant seeking to “purify” the Church of England – religion should be inner, personal experience

11. Beginnings to 1800 1.2 Puritan Beliefs: Sinners All?
Mix of Certainty & Doubt
Certain – sin of disobedience & God’s mercy
Doubt – whether one was “saved” or “damned”
Read p.10, 2nd paragraph
Traits valued
Community reliance
Industriousness
Temperance
Simplicity

12. Beginnings to 1800 1.2 Puritan Politics: Government by Contract
Covenant between God and humanity
Same belief applied to human to human agreements
Created Mayflower Compact – foundation for constitutional democracy
Created conflict – undemocratic environment – no compromise

13. Beginnings to 1800 1.2 The Bible in America
Story of creation, fall, wanderings, and the rescue of the human race
Human life reflects Biblical events
Life is a pilgrimage
Bible word of God

14. Beginnings to 1800 1.2 Emphasis on education
Purpose: to read & understand Bible and hold theological debate
Harvard College founded in 1636
1st printing press in 1639
Diaries and histories common, important forms of Puritan literature – record the workings of God
p. 12 Characteristics of Puritan Writing

15. What about the Native Americans?
In your journal, write 3 things you know about Native Americans.
Write 2 things you want to know about them.
Write 1 thing you learned about them.
“We Shall Remain”
(8:30)

16. “A Narrative of the Captivity”
Details show that Wampanoag are compassionate and protective because they look after those who are weak and sick.
Initially resents captors, but later notes examples of their kindness  her opinion changes
As a Puritan, she thinks events in her life are result of God’s mercy toward her and power over all people.

17. Beginnings to 1800 1.3 Literature of the Southern Planters
Very different from Puritans
Religious & economic factors
More interested in outer than inner
Enjoyed “luxurious life”
William Byrd

18. Beginnings to 1800 1.3 Slave Narratives
1st Africans in the Americas unwilling immigrants
10 million between 17th & 19th century
Narratives were used by abolitionists
Portrait of a Negro Man
Olaudah Equiano in 1780s

19. Olaudah Equiano
Excerpt from “Fighting Intolerance and Slavery: Christianity in the 17th and 18th Centuries” (3 min)
Excerpt from “The Color of Money: Colonialism and the Slave Trade” (3 min)

20. “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano”
Autobiography; Equiano was youngest son of Ibo warrior in Africa
Kidnapped (w/ sister) at age 11
African slave owners treat him well
Sold to slave ship heading to West Indies; terrified of white crew
In Barbados, Africans are auctioned off as slaves
Wrote narrative account to help abolition movement

21. “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano”
Read last paragraph pg
Why does he use so many rhetorical questions?
How does this section reveal his purpose for writing?
He recorded his story to convince people to abolish slavery.