4. Let's know Audery Hepburn better! 1 、 What had she done before she entered the film industry? 2 、 What had she been before she became a Hollywood superstar? She had put most of her effort into ballet training before she entered the film industry. She had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar. Structure( 结构 ): had + p.p. ( 过去分词 )

5. the Past Perfect tense 过去完成时 Structure( 结构 ): had + done( 过去分词 ) Do Part A2 on Page 88

6. VerbPast perfect tenseVerbPast perfect tense acthelp beopen beginsee bringsing had acted had been had begun had brought had helped had opened had seen had sung

7. Hepburn had put most of her effort into ballet training before she entered the film industry. Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar. Can you work out the rule?

8. We can use the Past perfect Tense to talk about an action(ActionI) that happened before another action(ActionII) in the past. 过去完成时表示在过去的某个动作或某一时间 之前发生的动作，也可以指过去的动作延续 到过去的某个时刻。 过去完成时表示过去的过去。

9. now Action II Action I We can use the Past perfect Tense to talk about an action(ActionI) that happened before another action(ActionII) in the past. Past Perfect Tense Simple Past Tense

10. Do Part A1 on Page 87 More sentences used the past perfect tense

11. 1.Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom. What happened first? a.Millie ran back to school. b.Millie left her magazine in the classroom. 2.Simon left school late because the football game had started late. What happened first? a.Simon left school late. b.The football game started late.

12. 3.Daniel arrived out of breath --- he had gone to the wrong cinema. What happened first? a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema. 4.Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station. What happened first? a. Amy lost her purse. b. Amy went to the police station.

13. If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the Past Perfect Tense is used for the (earlier, later) action. earlier The later action uses the ______________ tense. Simple Past

14. 1. Before I became a teacher, I _________ (be) a writer for many years. 2.I got to the cinema after the film ___________ (begin). 3. When the mother _______ (get) home yesterday, the baby ___________ (fall) asleep. 4.He ______ (get) angry yesterday because he _______ (wait) for a long time. 5.The teacher ___________ (explain) this maths problem many times, but the students didn’t understand it. 6.I ___________ (wait) for 2 weeks until the result was announced. 7.We ___________ (learn) 2000 words before 2010. had been had begun got had fallen got had waited had explained had waited 过去完成时用 before, after, when, until, because, but 等引导。 had learned

15. Do Part A3 on Page 88 More exercises about the past perfect tense

16. 10th December Today, I watched Roman Holiday with my friends. Kitty was the first one to arrive at the cinema. When Millie and I ___________(arrive), kitty ______________(buy) the tickets already. Simon and Daniel came next. Before Simon and Daniel __________ (come), Millie and I ___________(go) to get some drinks. Then all five of us waited for Amy outside the cinema. Before Amy _________(arrive), we _______________(finish) our drinks. When we ___________(enter) the cinema, the film ________already___________ (start). Luckily, we did not miss much. arrivedhad bought came had gone had finished entered started arrived had Sandy’s diary

17. Had Kitty bought the tickets when Millie and Sandy arrived? Had the film finished when they entered the cinema? Yes, she had. She had bought the tickets when they arrived. No, it hadn’t. It hadn’t finished when they entered the cinema.

18. 1. I had been a writer for many years before I became a teacher. 2. The baby had fallen asleep when the mother got home yesterday. Positive / negative sentences( 肯定、否定句 ) yes/no questions （一般疑问句） I hadn’t been a writer for many years before I became a teacher. Had you been a writer for many years before you became a teacher? Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t. The baby hadn’t fallen asleep when the mother got home yesterday. Had the baby fallen asleep when the mother got home yesterday? Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.

19. 过去完成时的构成： 主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他 主语 + had not / hadn’t + 过去分词 + 其他 一般疑问句： Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 回答： Yes, 主语代词 had. No, 主语代词 hadn‘t. 肯定句： 否定句：

20. Some exercises: 1. I _____________ ( not clean) the clothes before you came back. 2. ______ she________ (leave) already when you arrived? 3. ______they _____ (know) this before you told them? 4. We __________ (not tell) you before you knew it. hadn’t cleaned Had known hadn’t told Exercise: Part A4 Page 89 Hadleft

22. Had seen had had acted Didwatch didn’t

23. by( 到 … 为止 ) / by the end of + present time We ___________ (learn) 1800 English words by last term. Past Now by We _____________ (learn) 2000 words by this term. Something more: have learned had learned by( 到 … 为止 ) / by the end of + past time Present perfect tense past past by Past perfect tense

24. Fill in the blanks 1. We ‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗ (learn) 3000 words by last term. 2. you ‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗ (live) here for 20 years by 2004? 3. They ‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗___‗‗‗‗ (work) for 10 years by the end of last year. 4. I ‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗ (teach) you for two years by the end of last term. had learned Had lived had worked had taught

25. He said he had finished his homework. What happened first? A: He said B: He finished his homework. 在宾语从句当中，也要注意时态的变化。 主句的动词是过去，从句要变成相应的过去的时态。

26. Fill in the blanks 1. I said I ‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗ (have) lunch already. 2. She told us she ‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗__________ (not be) to Beijing yet. 3. I wondered if they ‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗_______ (live) in Nanjing for three years. 4. Did you say I ‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗______ (pass)the exam already? 5. He asked how many books I ‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗‗__‗‗‗ (read) already? had hadn’t been had lived had passed had read

27. 1.He _______________(live) here before I came here. 2.How many English films ______ you_________ (see) by the end of last term? 3.What places ______you_______ (travel) during this summer holiday? 4.We _______________(not hear) from my penfriend since 1998. 5.After I____________ (finish) my homework, I went to sleep. 6.I _______(like) to be an actor when I was a child. 7.The train ______________(not arrive) when we got to the railway station. 8.________he_________(tell) you anything just now? had lived hadseen did travel haven’t heard had finished liked had not arrived Didtell

28. Homework: Do the exercises on P79 in 《伴你学》

29. 1. 当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。 2. 到上学期末，他们已经学会了八首英语歌曲。 3. 他们搬来这儿之前在农场住了两年。 4. 李梅昨天很高兴，因为她英语考试得了满分。 5. 在假期里我们看了一部名叫《超人》的电影。 When I got there, the film had been on for five minutes. They had learned eight English songs by the end of last term. They had lived on the farm for two years before they moved here. LiMei was very happy yesterday because she had got full marks in the English exam. We saw a film named ‘Superman’ during the holiday.

30. Review 1.--- _____ you _______ (finish) your homework yet? --- Not yet. 2. So far, We ___________ (learn) about 3,000 words. Have finished have learned 3. I ___________ (work) in this school since 1999. 4. Jim’s grandfather ____________ (die) for about three years. 5. Great changes __________ (take) place in this city in the last five years. have worked has been dead have taken

31. 1) 自从他出生以来，他就住在这里了。 2) 我们已经住在这里三年了。 What tense is used in the above sentences? He has lived here since he was born. We have lived here for four years. Present perfect tense have/ has + p.p. (past participle)

32. Hepburn had put most of her effort into ballet training before she entered the film industry. put most of her effort into ballet training enter the film industry

33. Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar. be a model become a Hollywood superstar

34. Hepburn had already won an Oscar for Best Actress before she won the Tony Award for the play Ondine. win an Oscar for Best Actress win the Tony Award for the play Ondine

35. So far, we have learned a lot about her. We know she acted in many films. Have you ever seen a film acted by Audrey Hepburn? What tense is used in the above sentences?

36. Present perfect tense 现在完成时 have/ has + p.p. ( 过去分词 ) Structure( 结构 ):

37. When to use Present perfect tense ？ 1. 某件事或某个动作一直持续到现在 2. 某件事或某个动作对现在产生影响 now Action present perfect tense