2. “Getting inside of your head”

3. Behaviorism Only examines data that is public and observable –Introspection is unimportant Personality = What you actually do –Traits, UCS, CS experiences, do not matter –Only B data matter

4. Behaviorism What determines personality? The observed environment –Not hidden process inside the mind

5. Behaviorism All that matters is 1) A persons behavior 2) A persons environment

6. Philosophical Roots Empiricism –Everything you know comes from experience Tabula Rasa Note how this is different than other approaches

7. Philosophical Roots Associationism Two things become associated into one if they are repeatedly experienced close together

8. Philosophical Roots Book Noise

9. Philosophical Roots Lightning Thunder

10. Philosophical Roots

11. Both empiricism and associatoinism are all that is needed to explain all knowledge Even complex ideas can be seen as combinations of simple ideas –Reductionism David Hume John Locke Thomas Hobbes

12. Philosophical Roots One last element is missing What makes you go? Why do people behave at all?

13. Philosophical Roots Hedonism People learn in order to –1) Seek pleasure –2) Avoid pain

14. Philosophical Roots 1) Empiricism 2) Associationism 3) Hedonism

15. Behaviorism “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select--doctor, lawyer, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggarman and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, or abilities”

16. Learning A stable change in behavior as a function of one’s experience with the environment What learning is not –the acquisition of knowledge Environment Behavior Learning

17. Types of Learning 1) Habituation 2) Classical Conditioning 3) Operant Conditioning

18. Habituation Why do you jump less each time? You learned! Simplest type of learning

20. Habituation The initial response can be maintained if the stimulus is changed or increased with each exposure

23. Classical Conditioning Why do you get anxious at the sight of a balloon and a pen? Why do you cringe when you see fingernails and a chalk board?

24. Ivan Pavlov

25. Classical Conditioning Condition –“learned” Stimulus –a condition that elicits a response Response –a behavior done after the stimulus

26. Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned Response (CR)

27. Classical Conditioning

31. Balloon Figure out the: Neutral Stimulus UCS UCR CS CR

33. Classical Conditioning in Dating Make women/men love you! Figure out the: Neutral Stimulus UCS UCR CS CR

34. Classical Conditioning in Dating Neutral Stimulus No response

35. Classical Conditioning in Dating UCS UCR

36. Classical Conditioning in Dating Neutral Stimulus UCR and UCS

37. Classical Conditioning in Dating CS CR

38. Classical Conditioning in Dating Day 1 But...

39. Classical Conditioning in Dating Day 2 But...

40. Classical Conditioning in Dating Day 100 But...

41. Classical Conditioning in Dating Day 150 Extinction But...

42. Or

45. Second-order conditioning Something paired with the CS can itself begin to elicit the response

46. Or

49. Stimulus Generalization Stimuli like the CS well tend to elicit the same response as the CS

50. Questionnaire

51. Group Activity Why do you think a person might have social phobia? How would you cure a person with this problem?

52. Classical Conditioning Social Anxiety –Social Phobia General Anxiety –Learned helplessness

54. Classical Conditioning Example: Little Albert

55. Classical Conditioning Phobias Typically occur through association –The feared object is paired with an unpleasant feelings Flooding Systematic desensitization

56. Classical Conditioning Food Deliver good news not bad news