1. Organic Molecules

2. Carbohydrates AKA Sugars Monomer: Monosaccharide (single sugar) Structure: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen 1:2:1 GlucoseSucrose C 6 H 12 O 6 C 12 H 22 O 11 ***Dehydration synthesis

3. Carbohydrates (Cont.) Uses: 1) Energy source for living things 2) Structural purposes Cell wall – Plants – Made of cellulose Insect Exoskeleton – Chitin

4. Carbohydrates (Cont.) Types/Examples: 1) Monosaccharides – Single sugar C 6 H 12 O 6 2) Disaccharide – Two sugars C 12 H 22 O 11 3) Polysaccharide – Many sugars Long chains of hundreds

5. Carbohydrates (Cont.) Examples of Polysaccharides 1) Starch (Plants) / Glycogen (Animals) Long chains of glucose – Short term sugar storage 2) Cellulose Thousands of glucose molecules Makes up the cell wall *Humans can’t digest

6. Lipids AKA Fats, Oils, Waxes Monomer: Glycerol and Fatty Acids Structure: Non-polar molecules Composed of C, H,and O

7. Lipids (Cont.) Uses: 1) Energy storage 2) Make up cell membrane 3) Waterproof coverings 4) Chemical messengers

8. Lipids (Cont.) Saturated Fats: Maximum # of H NO DOUBLE BOND Clog arteries Come from animals Unsaturated Fats: Not saturated with H Contains a double bond Do not clog arteries Come from plants Polyunsaturated: More than one double bond

9. Proteins Monomer: Amino Acids Structure: Long chains of amino acids Composed mostly of COHN There are only 20 different amino acids Works like the alphabet All are exactly the same except for the side group

11. Proteins (Cont.) Uses: 1) Control rate of reaction (Enzymes) 2) Regulate cell processes (Hormones) 3) Movement (Muscles) 4) Structure (Tendons/Cartilage) 5) Transport substances (Hemoglobin) 6) Fight disease (Antibodies)

12. Proteins (Cont.) Examples: See previous slide Enzymes – Speed up chemical reactions Lock and Key Model

13. Nucleic Acids Monomer: Nucleotides Structure:

14. Nucleic Acids (Cont.) Uses: Store and transmit genetic info Types/Examples: DNARNA SugarDeoxyriboseRibose FunctionBlueprint for lifeCarries DNA info from nucleus out to other cell parts