1. Chapter Eleven Europe and America, 1700-1800 Prepared by Kelly Donahue-Wallace Randal Wallace University of North Texas Gardner's Art through the Ages, Concise Edition by Fred Kleiner

2. Rococo Dates and Places: 1715 to 1780 France and England People: Aristocrats Urban townhouses Social intercourse, cultivation of good taste Royal art academies ANTOINE WATTEAU, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717. Fig. 11-3.

3. Rococo Themes: Fete galante Leisure of the upper classes Ornament Forms: Small and delicate Pastels Feathery brushwork CLODION, Satyr Crowning a Bacchante, 1770. Fig. 11-5.

4. Rococo Example: Interiors totally designed Rocailles Organic, playful, moving decoration Proper setting for entertaining guests FRANCOIS DE CUVILLIÉS, Hall of Mirrors, early 18th century. Fig. 11-2.

5. Rococo ANTOINE WATTEAU, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717. Fig. 11-3.

6. Rococo Example: Fete galante New category of painting Color for decorative effect, Rubeniste Light and airy Elegant sophistication Sensuality and sexuality ANTOINE WATTEAU, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717. Fig. 11-3.

7. The Enlightenment Dates and Places: 1700-1800 Western Europe People: Replace faith with reason Scientific, empirical approach Philosophes Positivism ÉLISABETH LOUISE VIGÉE- LEBRUN, Self-Portrait, 1790. Fig. 11-8.

8. The Enlightenment Themes: Nature and naturalness Grand tour Genre Forms: Empirical observation Classicizing approach Narrative clarity ANTONIO CANALETTO, Riva degli Schiavoni, Venice, ca. 1735–1740. Fig. 11-13.

9. The Enlightenment Example: Illustrates interest in science and rationality Industrial Revolution transforms Europe Demonstration of mechanical solar system Observers embody Enlightenment age JOSEPH WRIGHT, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery, ca. 1763–1765. Fig. 11-6.

10. The Enlightenment Example: Interest in natural, uncorrupted state Influence of Rousseau Domestic scenes of simple people Moral instruction Sentimental JEAN-BAPTISTE-SIMÉON CHARDIN, Saying Grace, 1740. Fig. 11-7.

11. The Enlightenment WILLIAM HOGARTH, Breakfast Scene, from Marriage à la Mode, ca. 1745. Fig. 11-9.

12. The Enlightenment Example: English painter and printmaker Satire of modern life Moralizing story of misbehaving upper class Narrative sequence like theater Comment on poor taste WILLIAM HOGARTH, Breakfast Scene, from Marriage à la Mode, ca. 1745. Fig. 11-9.

13. The Enlightenment Example: Interest in the natural More intimate portrait type, reveals personality Some Rococo pretense Grand manner portraiture = refined, elegant portraits, large scale, symbolic setting, low horizon THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan, 1787. Fig. 11-10.

14. The blue boy 1970, Thomas Gainsborough

15. The Enlightenment BENJAMIN WEST, Death of General Wolfe, 1771. Fig. 11-11.

16. The Enlightenment Example: Hero represented like Christian martyr History painting plus modern realism Founder of Academy of Art in Philadelphia BENJAMIN WEST, Death of General Wolfe, 1771. Fig. 11-11.

17. The Enlightenment Example: American directness Lack of pretense for hero Embodies humble values of early America JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY, Portrait of Paul Revere, ca. 1768–1770. Fig. 11-12.

18. The Enlightenment Example: Grand tour painting Souvenir of travels Marker of intellectual curiosity Illustrates importance of ancient Greece and Rome for Enlightenment thinkers Drawn on site, painted (and improved) later ANTONIO CANALETTO, Riva degli Schiavoni, Venice, ca. 1735–1740. Fig. 11-13.

19. Neoclassicism Dates and Places: Late 18 th century France, England, US People: Admiration for antiquity Harmony and rationality Model of civilized society: civic virtue and self-sacrifice ANGELICA KAUFFMANN, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures, or Mother of the Gracchi, ca. 1785. Fig. 11-14.

20. Neoclassicism Themes: Ancient history Modern history Portraits Forms: Classical forms Balanced compositions Idealized figures JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID, Death of Marat, 1793. Fig. 11-16.

21. Neoclassicism JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID, Oath of the Horatii, 1784. Fig. 11-15.

22. Neoclassicism Example: Ancient Roman story Self-sacrifice Pose and gesture communicate state of mind Triangular composition David celebrates perfect forms of Greeks JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID, Oath of the Horatii, 1784. Fig. 11-15.

23. Neoclassicism Example: Neoclassicism adopted as style of new American nation Evoke Republican Rome to communicate political philosophy Translated into local materials: wood, brick Jefferson studied Palladio THOMAS JEFFERSON, Monticello, 1770–1806. Fig. 11-17.