1. The Holocaust Spodek, pp. 707-710

2. Genocide in 20 th Century Genocide had very specific form in 20 th century. Armenian Genocide had roots in late 19 th century but 1 ½ million were killed between 1915-1923 Used in concentration camps as well as mass deportations Used Special Organization (Teshkilati Mahsusa) to organize killing Turks claim it was an action against a bitter enemy during war

3. Rape of Nanjing Japanese killed over 300,000 and raped between 60,000- 80,000. Like Turks, claimed massacre was a necessary act against enemy combattants Question: what is moral and immoral in war? Are 20 th century wars different in the violence they enacted on civilians?

5. Nazi Policy—Extremes of Race- based Thinking (Eugenics) Wanted to purify German (Aryan) Race Afraid if intermarried and reproduced with other races, the Aryan race would degenerate. In Mein Kampf, Adolph Hitler argued that it was necessary to exterminate Jews and other “inferior races”

6. Nuremberg Laws and Kristallnacht September 1935 Nuremberg Laws—laws discriminating against the Jews, depriving them of citizenship, prevent them from having sexual contact with “Aryans”/Germans November 1938— Kristallnacht “The Night the Broken of Glass” – Germans begin to put thousands of Jews in “concentration” camps, where they were forced to labor for the Government

7. Events during the War Killing Intensifies SS Einsatzgruppen (Action squads) Mobile killing units Firing squads murdered massive number of people Buried them in mass graves By 1941, the SS Einsatzgruppen had murdered 1.5 million people, mostly Jews January 20, 1942 the Wannsee Conference in Berlin The Jews were rounded up and sent to Labor and the Death camps. 3 million people were killed in Auschwitz alone. At least 6 million Jews killed

8. The Holocaust European Jewish population fell from 9,739,200 to 3,505,800 Also killed 5 million other undesirables (disabled, Slavs, gypsies, homosexuals, petty criminals, Jehovah’s Witness, communists). After they were killed, the bodies were burned in large crematories, but many bodies still evident when camps liberated.

9. The Holocaust in Pictures

10. Could it happen again? United Nations Declaration on Human Rights, But: Genocide in Rwanda Genocide in Bosnia Genocide in Kosovo