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Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Reactor Neutrino Measurement of  13 Karsten M. Heeger Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

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Presentation on theme: "Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Reactor Neutrino Measurement of  13 Karsten M. Heeger Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory."— Presentation transcript:

1 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Reactor Neutrino Measurement of  13 Karsten M. Heeger Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

2 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Neutrino Oscillation Parameters Beamstop Neutrinos   s  e Atmospheric, Reactor, Accelerator Neutrinos    Solar and Reactor Neutrinos e  ,  Except for LSND,  m ij 2 measured and confirmed.

3 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003  13 and CP Violation atmospheric, K2K U MNSP Neutrino Mixing Matrix Dirac phase Majorana phases reactor and accelerator 0  SNO, solar SK, KamLAND  12 ~ 30°  23 = ~ 45° tan 2  13 < 0.03 at 90% CL maximal large small … at best No good ‘ad hoc’ model to predict  13. If  13 < 10 -3  12, perhaps a symmetry? ?  13 yet to be measured determines accessibility to CP phase

4 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Why Are Neutrino Oscillation Measurements Important? Central Questions in Neutrino Oscillation Physics & The Role of  13 1. What is the e coupling of 3 ? How large is  13 ?  13 : an opportunity for discovery 2. What are  13,  m 2 31,  CP,  12,  m 2 21,  23,  m 2 32 ?  13 : breaks correlation, helps with determination of parameters 4. Is there CP ?  13 : defines the future of accelerator experiments Time 3. What is the mass pattern? Physics at high mass scales, physics of flavor, and unification: Why are neutrino masses so small? Why are the mixing angles large, maximal, and small? Is there CP violation, T violation, or CPT violation in the lepton sector?  13 The Mystery of the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry Understanding the role of neutrinos in the early Universe ? Is there a connection between the lepton and the baryon sector?

5 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003  13 =? Reactor Neutrino Measurement of  13 - Basic Idea atmospheric frequency dominant last term negligible for and 1/r 2 P ee, (4 MeV) e flux

6 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Concept of a Reactor Neutrino Measurement of  13 No degeneracies No matter effects Practically no correlations E = E e + m n -m p E prompt = E kin + 2m e scintillator e detectors e + p  e + + n coincidence signal prompt e + annihilation delayed n capture (in  s) disappearance experiment look for rate deviations from 1/r 2 and spectral distortions observation of oscillation signature with 2 or multiple detectors baseline O(1 km), no matter effects e < 1 km e, ,  ~ 1.5-2.5km

7 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Reactor Neutrino Measurement of  13 Present Reactor Experiments (a) (b) (c) Energy (MeV) (a) Flux at detector (b) cross-section (c) spectrum in detector detector 1 Future  13 Reactor Experiment detector 2 Ratio of Spectra Energy (MeV) independent of absolute reactor flux eliminate cross-section errors relative detector calibration rate and shape information Absolute Flux and Spectrum

8 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 I. Undistorted vs Distorted Spectrum Optimize FAR detector with respect to NEAR NEAR - FAR 0.1 km (fixed) 1.7 km Ref: Huber et al. hep-ph/0303232 Baseline Optimization for Detector Placement II. Maximize Relative Distortions of Spectra Optimize both detector locations FAR - FAR 1 km ~2.5-3 km Based on shape analysis only Distance FOM L near < 1 km L far > 2.5 km

9 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Baseline Sensitivity to  m atm 2 Detector baselines sensitive to  m atm 2. Need option to adjust baseline once we have precision measurement  m atm 2. Region of interest for current  m atm 2 region: L far =~1.5 - 3 km. Optimize baseline to see oscillation signature in ratio of spectra.

10 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 A  13 Reactor Experiment in the US ? Site Criteria powerful reactor overburden (> 300 mwe) underground tunnels or detector halls controlled access to site  Variable/flexible baseline for optimization to  m 2 atm and to demonstrate subdominant oscillation effect  Optimization of experiment specific to site. Site selection critical

11 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Diablo Canyon - An Ideal Site? 1500 ft nuclear reactor 2 underground detectors Powerful (two reactors 3.1+ 3.1 GW E th ) Overburden (up to 700 mwe) Infrastructure (roads, controlled access)

12 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 2 or 3 detectors in 1 km tunnel tunnel excavation required Diablo Canyon An Oscillation Experiment with Variable Baseline?

13 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Ge Issues - folding may have damaged rock matrix - steep topography causes landslide risk - tunnel orientation and key block failure - seismic hazards and hydrology Geology I II IIIa IIIb

14 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Tunnel with Multiple Detector Rooms and Movable Detectors 5 m ~12 m Modular, movable detectors Volume scalable V fiducial ~ 50-100 t/detector 6 10 1-2 km

15 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 liquid scintillator buffer oil muon veto passive shield Detector Concept 5 m 1.6 m Movable Detector? Variable baseline to control systematics and demonstrate oscillation effect (if  13 found to be > 0) acrylic vessel

16 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Sites in France 1.0 km 1.8 km h= ~ 400 meters h=80 meters 0.5 km 1.5 km h=115 meters TypePWR Cores4 Power11.8 GW th OperatorEDF Distances (km)1 / 1.8 Overburden (mwe)150 / 500 Volume @ Cruas 20 t TypePWR Cores2 Power8.3 GW th OperatorEDF Distances (km)0.4 / 1.5 Overburden (mwe)200 / 200 Volume @ Penly 20 t Penly In Haute-normandie (north coast) Cruas In Ardèche (close to the Rhône)

17 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Momentum in France Muon Veto V 1 : Gd loaded scintillator V 2 : Unloaded scintillator V 3 : Non-scintillating Buffer 20 tons Gd V1V1 V2V2 V3V3 @  m2 atm =2.10 -3 eV2 sin 2 2θ 13 <0.025 (90% C.L) 20 t, 3 years Cruas Penly Laboratories involved: PCC, Collège de France & CEA/Saclay Activities: site evaluations, phenomenology, Detector simulation …

18 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Experimental Systematics Reactor Flux near/far ratio, choice of detector location Best experiment to date: CHOOZ rel ≤ 1% Target Volume & no fiducial volume cut Backgrounds external active and passive shielding for correlated backgrounds Detector Efficiency built near and far detector of same design calibrate relative detector efficiency  variable baseline may be necessary Ref: Apollonio et al., hep-ex/0301017 Total  syst ~ 1-1.5%  rel eff ≤ 1%  target ~ 0.3%  n bkgd < 1%  flux < 0.2%  acc < 0.5% Note: list not comprehensive relative fiducial vol. ~ 0.3%

19 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Past and Present Reactor Neutrino Experiments

20 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Future Diablo Canyon Experiment

21 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Sensitivity and Complementarity of  13 Experiments Sensitivity to sin 2 2  13 Ref: Huber et al., hep-ph/0303232 sin 2 2  13 < 0.01-0.02 @ 90 C.L. within reach of reactor  13 experiments 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 Reactor Neutrino Measurement of  13 No matter effect Correlations are small, no degeneracies Insensitive to solar parameters  12,  m 21 2

22 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Future Constraints on  13 Experiment sin 2 (2  13 )  13 When? CHOOZ< 0.11< 10 NUMI Off- Axis (5 yr)< 0.006-0.015< 2.22012 JPARC-nu (5 yr)< 0.006-0.0015< 2.32012 MINOS< 0.06< 7.12008 ICARUS (5 yr)< 0.04< 5.82011 OPERA (5 yr)< 0.06< 7.12011 KR2DET (Russia)< 0.016< 3.6? Kashiwazaki (Japan)< 0.026< 4.6[2008] Penly/Cruas (France)< 0.025< 4.5[2010] Diablo Canyon (US)< 0.01-0.02< 2.9[2009] Upper limits correspond to 90% C.L.

23 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Parameter Degeneracy Complementarity of reactor neutrino measurements of  13 hep-ph/0211111 observable effect of CP violation scales with  13

24 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003 Summary: Reactor Measurement of  13 Reactor neutrino oscillation experiment is promising option to measure  13. Novel reactor oscillation experiment gives clean measurement of sin 2 2  13, no degeneracies, no matter effects. 2 or 3 detectors variable baseline largely independent of absolute reactor flux and systematics Sensitivity of sin 2 2  13 ~ 0.01 comparable to next-generation accelerator experiments. Complementary to long-baseline program. Allows combined analysis of reactor and superbeam experiments. Negotiations with US power plants underway. Diablo Canyon is an attractive possibility. http://theta13.lbl.gov/ Moderate Scale (~$40M) Cost driven by tunnel excavation Little R&D necessary (KamLAND, SNO, CHOOZ) Construction time ~ 2-3 yrs Start in 2007/2008?

25 Karsten Heeger, LBNL TAUP03, September 7, 2003

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