1. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 11.4 Polymers of Alkenes 1

2. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Polymers Polymers are large, long-chain molecules found in nature, including cellulose in plants, starches in food, proteins, and DNA in the body also synthetic, such as polyethylene and polystyrene, Teflon, and nylon composed of small repeating units called monomers made from reaction of small alkenes 2

3. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Addition Reactions: Polymerization In polymerization, small repeating units called monomers join to form a long-chain polymer in an addition reaction. 3 monomer unit repeats n

4. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Common Synthetic Polymers 4 Synthetic polymers provide a wide variety of items that we use every day.

5. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Common Synthetic Polymers: Polyethylene Polyethylene is made using an addition reaction with the monomer unit ethylene. Common uses for polyethylene include plastic bottles, film, and insulation materials. 5

6. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Common Synthetic Polymers: Polytetrafluoroethylene Polytetrafluoroethylene, primarily used in nonstick coatings, is made using an addition reaction with the monomer unit of tetrafluoroethene. tetrafluoroethene polytetrafluoroethylene 6

7. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Common Synthetic Polymers: Polypropylene Polypropylene is used for ski and hiking clothing, carpets, and artificial joints. 7

8. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Common Synthetic Polymers: Polystyrene 8 Polystyrene is used for plastic coffee cups, cartons, and insulation.

9. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Common Synthetic Polymers: Polyvinylchloride Polyvinylchloride, also known as PVC, is used for plastic pipes and tubing, garden hoses, and garbage bags. 9

10. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Common Synthetic Polymers: Polydichloroethylene 10 Polydichloroethylene is used in plastic film and wraps.

11. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Name the starting monomer and give its structure for each of the following polymers: A. polyethylene B. polyvinylchloride C. polystyrene 11

12. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Name the starting monomer and give its structure for each of the following polymers: A. polyethylene ethene B. polyvinylchloride chloroethene C. polystyrene phenylethene, styrene 12

13. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Name the monomer used to make polypropylene, and write a portion of a polypropylene polymer using three monomers. 13

14. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Name the monomer used to make polypropylene, and write a portion of a polypropylene polymer using three monomers. 14

15. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Recycling Plastics Recycling is simplified by using codes on plastic items. 1 PETE Polyethylene terephtalate 2 HDPE High-density polyethylene 3 PV Polyvinyl chloride 4 LDPE Low-density polyethylene 5 PP Polypropylene 6 PS Polystyrene 7 OTHER Other plastic: fiberglass, polycarbonate, etc. 15

16. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check What types of plastic are indicated by the following codes? A. B. C. 16 3 PV 5 PP 6 PS

17. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution What types of plastic are indicated by the following codes? A. polyvinylchloride B.polypropylene C.polystyrene 17 3 PV 5 PP 6 PS