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Published byAshlyn Davis Modified over 9 years ago
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In the name of GOD
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The heart Terminology Definition Position Chambers Layers External features Internal features Coverings Vessels Nerves Imaging Surface anatomy
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The heart : Terminology Heart Cor- Cardiac & Cardio-
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The heart : Definition A hollow muscular cone located in the middle Mediastinum, covered with a fibro-serous covering (pericardium) which acts as a double-pump
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The heart : Position Depends on age, sex, stature, respiration & posture Over the diaphragm (central t.) Located in the middle Mediastinum thus: Behind the meso-sternum 2 nd to 6 th costal cartilage T4-T8 vertebrae
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The heart : Position 1/3 in right, 2/3 in left Conical shape lies obliquely in the chest lies at 45 degree angle about size of enclosed fist
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The heart : Position Conical shape thus: An apex & A base
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The heart : External features 4 surface A base An apex 4 border Sulci AV (coronary) Inter-ventricular Inter-atrial Sub-epicardial Fat Auricles
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The heart : Position Apex: in left 5 th space medial to mid-clavicular line Apex beat: PMI=point of maximum impulse Apex is in ant., inferior & left
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Conical shape
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Apex & Base Base____________ Apex _________________ Note: A position other than the anatomical position
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___Apex Base________
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Apex
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4 Surfaces Anterior (Sternocostal) Left Inferior (Diaphragmatic) Right Base (posterior surface)
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Anterior (Sternocostal) surface RA (& right auricle), RV & LV (a part of ) From LA only its auricle Sulcus AV (coronary) : right part Ant. Interventricular Pulmonary trunk (emerge from RV ) Aorta (its origin from LV Is phantom) Outflow tract SVC & IVC
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AnteriorAnteriorAnteriorAnterior SurSurFFaceaceSurSurFFaceaceF
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AnteriorAnteriorAnteriorAnterior SurSurFFaceaceSurSurFFaceaceF
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AnteriorAnteriorAnteriorAnterior SurSurFFaceaceSurSurFFaceaceF
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Inferior surface 4 chambers All sulci Crux of the heart All veins & arteries
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Inferior surface (Crux of the heart)
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Right surface RV RA (& auricle) AV sulcus 2 pulmonary veins Outflow tract SVC & IVC
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Left surface LV LA (& auricle) AV sulcus 2 pulmonary veins Outflow tract
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Left surface
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4 Borders of the heart Right Left Inferior superior
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4Borders4Borders4Borders4Borders
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The heart : Chambers Two Atrium (Atria) Two Ventricles Divided from each other by septa & valves Septa: between similar chambers Valves: between different chambers
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External features Four chambers 2 atria 2 ventricles Auricles Major veins Superior & inferior vena cava Pulmonary veins Major arteries Aorta Pulmonary trunk
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External features
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Anterior (Sternocostal) surface
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Chambers of the Heart – Two Atrium (Atria) Right and Left (RA & LA) Divided from each other by interatrial septum (internally) & sulcus (externally) Divided from ventricles by atrio- ventricular valves (AV valves) (internally) & sulcus (externally) Receiving chambers Each has an auricle
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interatrial sulcus
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AV sulcus
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Chambers of the Heart - Ventricles Right and Left (RV & LV) Muscular walls Pumping Chambers Separated Internally by Interventricular Septum Externally by Interventricular Sulcus
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Inter-ventricular Sulcus
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Inter-ventricular septum & Sulcus
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Interventricular Septum Actually belong to LV because: 1- Its thickness 2- Its continuity LV is circular in section RV is crescent in section 3- Its function Contracts toward the lumen of LV
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Interventricular Septum
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The sulci Filled with fat Cardiac vessels lies between these fat And the pericardium smoothen their surface
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Sub-epicardial Fat Function smooth surface Its not a energy source unless The end stages of fasting
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Fat____________ Sulcus_____
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If the fat removed Major Coronary vessels appear Which lies in the sulci
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Double-pump
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A pump in which the apex move toward the base
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The heart : Internal features Atria Smooth surface Rough surface (pectinate muscles) Ventricles Smooth surface Rough surface (trabeculae carnii)
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Internal features of RA
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Atria Smooth surface Rough surface (pectinate muscles)
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Internal features of RA
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Internal features of RV Boundary between Smooth & Rough areas
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Ventricles Smooth surface Rough surface (trabeculae carnii)
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Rough surface Ridge Bridge Papillary muscle
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Papillary muscle
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Dirctioon: Why?
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Some myocardial bundles end at Papillary muscles
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Internal features of LV
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Aortic vestibule
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Internal features of LA
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Interventricular Septum A thick muscular portion A membraneous portion: Interventricular part Atrioventricular part
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I m p o r t a n c e
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Valves
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Valves
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Valves
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Valves
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Valves
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